Evaluation of sub-lethal effects of endosulfan on cortisol secretion, glutathione S-transferase and acetylcholinesterase activities in Clarias gariepinus

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (9) ◽  
pp. 1898-1903 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.I.N. Ezemonye ◽  
T.O. Ikpesu
Keyword(s):  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Cortisol Secretion ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Lethal Effects

scholarly journals LETHAL EFFECTS OF 2,2-DICHLOROVINYL DIMETHYL PHOSPHATE (DDVP) ON FINGERLING AND JUVENILE Clarias gariepinus (BURCHELL, 1822)

2013 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaac Tunde Omoniyi ◽  
Kazeem Lanre Adeogun ◽  
Samuel Olubodun Obasa
Keyword(s):  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Lethal Effects ◽  
Dimethyl Phosphate

scholarly journals Behavioural Responses and Mortality of Clarias gariepinus Juveniles Exposed to Acute Concentrations of Paraquat

2021 ◽  
pp. 49-54
Author(s):  
Okey I. B. ◽  
Ayotunde E. O. ◽  
Patrick B. U.
Keyword(s):  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Relative Toxicity ◽  
Lethal Effects ◽  
Cumulative Mortality ◽  
Behavioural Responses ◽  
Behavioural Changes ◽  
Aquatic Pollutants ◽  
Loss Of Balance ◽  
Toxicity Factor ◽  
Lethal Time

Paraquat is the most common contact and non- selective herbicide for exterminating vegetative pest. Fish are ideal sentinels for detecting aquatic pollutants and are largely used as bio indicators of environmental pollution. This study is aimed to determine the behavioural changes, lethal concentrations (LCs) and mean lethal time (MLT) of paraquat exposed to Clarias gariepinus. A 96 hours renewable bioassay was conducted with various paraquat concentrations 0.0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.0 and 1.25 mg/l. Behavioural changes and cumulative mortality were observed and recorded at 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hour. Behavioural changes such as air gulping, erratic swimming, loss of balance, excessive mucus secretion, discolouration and death were observed with severity increasing as concentration and duration of exposure increases. The LC50 values were decreased from 0.191mg/l (0.171 – 0.222) in 12 hour to 0.107mg/l (0.065 – 0.150) in 96 hour, while relative toxicity factor (TF) was increased from 1 to 1.79 times respectively. The 96hr MLT values were decreased from 91.18 hours (54.09-105.64) at the lowest concentration to 16.22 hours (9.06 – 25.15) at the highest concentration with relative toxicity time (RTT) increasing from 1 to 5.62 times. Herbicide should be apply with caution and studies on the sub lethal effects of paraquat on the haematological, biochemical and histological parameters of C. gariepinus juveniles will be necessary.

scholarly journals Multiple Biomarker Responses in Female Catfish (Clarias Gariepinus) Exposed to Acetaminophen

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nosakhare Osazee Erhunmwunse ◽  
Isioma Tongo ◽  
Lawrence Ikechukwu Ezemonye
Keyword(s):  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hepatosomatic Index ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Exposed Fish ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Multiple Biomarkers

Abstract Acetaminophen is one of the most commonly detected Analgesics and pain killer drug in freshwater environments. This study evaluated the possible multi-toxic effects of environmentally relevant concentrations (15.5, 25.5, 35.5 and 45.5µg/L) of acetaminophen in Clarias gariepinus fish exposed for 28 days using multiple biomarkers. Hepatosomatic index (HIS) and condition factor (K) of acetaminophen–exposed group were not different from the control. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity increased significantly at 15.5 and 35.5µg/L and Catalase (CAT) activity in all acetaminophen-exposed groups barely showed an upward trend. The concentration of glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities was not different from the control. Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities increased at all concentrations when compared to the control group. There were general inhibitions of Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities in all exposed groups including the control. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) increased significantly at 25.5 and 45.5µg/L and Interluekin-6 (IL-6) showed non-significant increases in all exposed concentrations. Acetaminophen exposure caused non-significant increases in the activities of C reactive protein (CRP). White blood cells (WBC) and lymphocytes (LYM counts) were significant reduced. Acetaminophen induced significant changes in hormones of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonad (HPG) axis (17β-Estradiol and Testosterone) and vitellogenin (Vtg) synthesis at 45.5µg/L. Histopathological alterations in the liver was evident of apoptotic hyperplasia, sinusoidal congestion and necrosis of the hepatocytes and was concentration dependent. Acetaminophen exposure to the fish gills enhanced the fusion and shortening of some filaments, hyperplasia of the epithelia gills cells, aneurism, congestion and epithelia rupture of the gills. Gonad examination showed acetaminophen exposure triggered the occurrence of intersex in 25.5, 35.5 and 45.5µg/L. The collaborative biomarkers used in this study showed the multiple impacts of acetaminophen on the physiology of C. gariepinus. Multivariate statistical analysis indicated that fish in the control groups exhibited a distinctly response from the acetaminophen-exposed fish and that over 95% of the biomarkers significantly contribute to discriminate between the acetaminophen-exposed fish and the control group. Our research provides evidence supporting the use of multiple-biomarker approach to evaluate the health status of C. gariepinus in future studies.

Glutathione system participation in thoracic aneurysms from patients with Marfan syndrome

VASA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandra María Zúñiga-Muñoz ◽  
Israel Pérez-Torres ◽  
Verónica Guarner-Lans ◽  
Elías Núñez-Garrido ◽  
Rodrigo Velázquez Espejel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Aneurysm ◽  
Marfan Syndrome ◽  
Aortic Aneurysms ◽  
Aortic Dilatation ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Reduced And Oxidized Glutathione ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Elevated Activity ◽  
Acute Dissection ◽  
Thoracic Aneurysms

Abstract. Background: Aortic dilatation in Marfan syndrome (MFS) is progressive. It is associated with oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction that contribute to the early acute dissection of the vessel and can result in rupture of the aorta and sudden death. We evaluated the participation of the glutathione (GSH) system, which could be involved in the mechanisms that promote the formation and progression of the aortic aneurysms in MFS patients. Patients and methods: Aortic aneurysm tissue was obtained during chest surgery from eight control subjects and 14 MFS patients. Spectrophotometrical determination of activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR), lipid peroxidation (LPO) index, carbonylation, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and concentration of reduced and oxidized glutathione (GSH and GSSG respectively), was performed in the homogenate from aortic aneurysm tissue. Results: LPO index, carbonylation, TGF-β1, and GR activity were increased in MFS patients (p < 0.04), while TAC, GSH/GSSG ratio, GPx, and GST activity were significantly decreased (p < 0.04). Conclusions: The depletion of GSH, in spite of the elevated activity of GR, not only diminished the activity of GSH-depend GST and GPx, but increased LPO, carbonylation and decreased TAC. These changes could promote the structural and functional alterations in the thoracic aorta of MFS patients.

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