scholarly journals Multiple Biomarker Responses in Female Catfish (Clarias Gariepinus) Exposed to Acetaminophen

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nosakhare Osazee Erhunmwunse ◽  
Isioma Tongo ◽  
Lawrence Ikechukwu Ezemonye
Keyword(s):  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hepatosomatic Index ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Exposed Fish ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Multiple Biomarkers

Abstract Acetaminophen is one of the most commonly detected Analgesics and pain killer drug in freshwater environments. This study evaluated the possible multi-toxic effects of environmentally relevant concentrations (15.5, 25.5, 35.5 and 45.5µg/L) of acetaminophen in Clarias gariepinus fish exposed for 28 days using multiple biomarkers. Hepatosomatic index (HIS) and condition factor (K) of acetaminophen–exposed group were not different from the control. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity increased significantly at 15.5 and 35.5µg/L and Catalase (CAT) activity in all acetaminophen-exposed groups barely showed an upward trend. The concentration of glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities was not different from the control. Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities increased at all concentrations when compared to the control group. There were general inhibitions of Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities in all exposed groups including the control. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) increased significantly at 25.5 and 45.5µg/L and Interluekin-6 (IL-6) showed non-significant increases in all exposed concentrations. Acetaminophen exposure caused non-significant increases in the activities of C reactive protein (CRP). White blood cells (WBC) and lymphocytes (LYM counts) were significant reduced. Acetaminophen induced significant changes in hormones of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonad (HPG) axis (17β-Estradiol and Testosterone) and vitellogenin (Vtg) synthesis at 45.5µg/L. Histopathological alterations in the liver was evident of apoptotic hyperplasia, sinusoidal congestion and necrosis of the hepatocytes and was concentration dependent. Acetaminophen exposure to the fish gills enhanced the fusion and shortening of some filaments, hyperplasia of the epithelia gills cells, aneurism, congestion and epithelia rupture of the gills. Gonad examination showed acetaminophen exposure triggered the occurrence of intersex in 25.5, 35.5 and 45.5µg/L. The collaborative biomarkers used in this study showed the multiple impacts of acetaminophen on the physiology of C. gariepinus. Multivariate statistical analysis indicated that fish in the control groups exhibited a distinctly response from the acetaminophen-exposed fish and that over 95% of the biomarkers significantly contribute to discriminate between the acetaminophen-exposed fish and the control group. Our research provides evidence supporting the use of multiple-biomarker approach to evaluate the health status of C. gariepinus in future studies.

scholarly journals Hematological, Biochemical and Biometric Changes in Clarias Gariepinus Exposed to Antipsychotic Drug Chlorpromazine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martins Nnamdi Okpe ◽  
Christabel Chukwuebuka Eze ◽  
Hope Chinwe Ezinwa ◽  
Uduak Aletan ◽  
Henrietta Ijeoma Kelle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
Condition Factor ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Hepatosomatic Index ◽  
Exposed Fish ◽  
Toxicological Effect ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Utmost Care

Abstract Chlorpromazine (CPZ) is a neuroleptic and antipsychotic medication for individuals suffering from schizophrenia and other medical conditions. This study investigated the effects of CPZ on the hematological, biochemical, and biometric characteristics in juvenile Clarias gariepinus. The fish were exposed to 0.53, 1.06 and 2.11 mgl−1 CPZ for 15 days after which they were withdrawn from the toxicant and allowed to recover for 5 days. Blood were sampled from the fish on day 1, 5, 10, 15 and during the 5-day recovering for hematological and biochemical analysis and thereafter, the fish were sacrificed for the morphometric analysis. While the values of the white blood cells significantly increased in the exposed fish, the hemoglobin, erythrocytes and packed cell volume decreased. Compared with the control, there were no significant differences in the values of the blood derivatives in the exposed fish. The values of protein and glucose reduced but that of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase were significantly elevated. Though there was no significant difference in the condition factor, a significant increase in hepatosomatic index occurred on day-15 at 5.28 mg/L CPZ. After the 5-day withdrawal from the drug, most of the studied parameters returned to the control values. The present study indicated that CPZ is toxic to fish and should be used with utmost care to guard against toxicological effect on non-target organisms.

Antioxidants in patients with hyperthyroidism

2004 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ljiljana Mayer ◽  
Željko Romic ◽  
Franjo Škreb ◽  
Vesna Bačic-Vrća ◽  
Ivana Čepelak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Antioxidant Status ◽  
Serum Urate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oxygen Utilization ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Group A ◽  
Patient Groups ◽  
Group B

AbstractHyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state accompanied by increased oxygen utilization, increased production of reactive oxygen species and consequentially measurable changes in antioxidative factors. Therefore, the activities of whole blood glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant status (TAS) in serum and erythrocytes, and serum urate and transferrrin concentrations were determined in 70 women: 14 with newly diagnosed Graves' disease (group A); 28 with hyperthyroidism on therapy with methimazole (group B, divided into two subgroups, B1 and B2) and 28 healthy women (group C).In comparison with control group C, GPx activity was significantly decreased in all patient groups (p<0.05), whereas SOD activity was significantly decreased in group A (p<0.01) and significantly increased in group B (p<0.01). In comparison with the control group, serum TAS activity was significantly decreased in group A, and erythrocyte TAS activity in all patient groups.Study results suggest that the impaired antioxidative factor balance leads to the development and presence of oxidative stress in women with hyperthyroidism. The severity of these alterations, considered contradictory by some authors, appears to depend on the use of therapy.

scholarly journals Analysis of oxidative stress indicators in Polish patients with prostate cancer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Maria Drozdz-Afelt ◽  
Beata Barbara Koim-Puchowska ◽  
Piotr Kaminski
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Detoxification Enzymes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Oxidative Stress Indicators

AbstractThe aim of the study was to analyze the activity of antioxidant enzymes (glutathione S-transferase, catalase, superoxide dismutase) and the concentration of malondialdehyde in order to determine the role of detoxification mechanisms in prostate cancer. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) were measured using ready-made kits; lipid peroxidation intensity was determined by the thiobarbituric acid method. Superoxide dismutase was the only enzyme among antioxidant and detoxification enzymes for which a statistically significant difference in activity was found between the studied groups (1.4 U·ml−1 in patients vs. 1.6 U·ml−1 in control). No statistically significant differences were found for GST, CAT or the concentration of MDA between the group of men with prostate cancer and the control group. The lower SOD activity in men with prostate cancer may be due to a deficiency in their antioxidant defense system.

scholarly journals Hepatoprotective effect of simvastatin in mice with DMBA-induced breast cancer: Histopathological, biochemical and antioxidant status evaluation

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 2064-2077 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahboobeh Ashrafi ◽  
Behnaz Karimi ◽  
Maryam Sabahi ◽  
Tahoora Shomali
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Tumor Group ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Mda Content ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

Introduction: This study evaluates the effects of simvastatin on the liver, in a mouse model of DMBA-induced breast cancer, with regards to histopathological, biochemical and antioxidant features. Methods: Mice were randomly divided into two groups: A (control group) and B (mammary tumor group); the latter group received DMBA (50 mg/kg) by oral gavage once a week for 4 consecutive weeks. Animals positive for breast cancer tumors were randomly divided into 3 subgroups: 1) no treatment group (D1), 2) mice that received simvastatin (80 mg/kg) per os (P.O.) daily for 4 consecutive weeks (D2), and 3) mice that received tamoxifen (50 mg/kg) P.O. daily for 4 consecutive weeks (D3). Results: Administration of simvastatin to D2 mice resulted in significantly higher superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity as well as glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity and total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and accompanied by reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) content in liver as compared to D1 group. Tamoxifen significantly increased liver glutathione (GSH) content as compared to D1 mice. Moreover, MDA levels in liver of mice treated with tamoxifen were significantly lower than in the D1 group. Mice in the D1 group showed significantly increased levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate transaminase (AST), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) in liver tissues; these levels were significantly reduced by simvastatin administration. Moreover, tamoxifen decreased ALP and AST activities. Histopathological examination of liver sections from mice in the D1 group showed severe deteriorative changes. The extent and severity of changes in D2 and D3 groups were almost the same and milder than D1 group. Conclusion: In conclusion, simvastatin appears to have a hepatoprotective role in mice with DMBA-induced breast cancer, due partly to its antioxidant properties.  

scholarly journals Canine demodicosis: Hematological and biochemical alterations

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Y. Salem ◽  
H. Abdel-Saeed ◽  
H. S. Farag ◽  
R. A. Ghandour
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Elevation ◽  
Cutaneous Infections ◽  
Biochemical Alterations ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Healthy Dogs

Background and Aim: One of the most common cutaneous infections seen in veterinary canine practice is canine demodicosis. Demodicosis is a parasitic skin infection with a possible impact on acute-phase proteins (APPs) and oxidant-antioxidant balance. This study aimed to estimate the possible alterations in hematological, biochemical, oxidant-antioxidant, and APP (C-reactive protein [CRP] and albumin) profiles in naturally infected dogs with demodicosis. Materials and Methods: This study enrolled 21 dogs that were divided into two groups: The control group including 7 apparently healthy dogs and the diseased group including 14 dogs with generalized demodicosis. Demodicosis was confirmed through microscopic detection. Blood samples were collected for the estimation of CBC, total protein, albumin, alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), and CRP levels. Results: Significant reduction in red blood cells along with significant elevation in white blood cells was recorded in the diseased group compared with the control group. There was also significant elevation in MDA, TAC, SOD, and CRP levels along with significant reduction in GSH-Px and CAT levels in the diseased group. Conclusion: Based on these findings, a relationship between canine generalized demodicosis and oxidant-antioxidant disequilibrium could be suggested. Evidence of this relation manifested in the elevation in MDA and SOD levels and reduction in GPx and CAT levels as a consequence to the release of ROS resulting from Demodex infection. CRP elevation is expected in canine demodicosis.

scholarly journals Analysis of Pro- and Antioxidant Status in Women with Endocrine Infertility

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-377
Author(s):  
Lyudmila Grebenkina ◽  
Marina Darenskaya ◽  
Maria Rashidova ◽  
Elena Osipova ◽  
Anastasia Lyubochko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Secondary Products ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Antioxidant Parameters ◽  
Conjugated Trienes

The aim of our study was to identify the changes in the indicators of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and antioxidant defense (AOD) in women with endocrine infertility. Methods and Results: The study included 358 women of reproductive age. Based on clinical and laboratory data, two groups were formed: the control group (CG) and the main group (MG). CG consisted of 61 healthy fertile women (mean age of 22±2.3 years). MG consisted of 297 women (mean age of 26±5.6 years) with endocrine infertility. The blood levels of antioxidant parameters (total antioxidant activity [TTA], SOD activity, α-tocopherol and retinol) and primary/secondary products of LPO (conjugated dienes [CD], ketodienes and conjugated trienes [KD-CT], and thiobarbituric acid reactants [TBARs]) were determined using spectrophotometric and fluorometric methods. The levels of sex hormones and cortisol were determined by radioimmunoassay and EIA. In MG, we found a significant increase in the blood levels of total lipid, DB, CDs, KD-CT, and TBARs, compared to CG. The results of a comparative analysis of the AOD parameters showed a significant increase in the total AOA level by 31% in MG, while the levels of α-tocopherol and retinol significantly decreased by 22% and 15%, respectively, compared to CG. In women of MG, the serum level of prolactin increased by 2 times. Conclusion: The results obtained reflect the adaptive and disadaptive mechanisms of LPO-AOD participation in the formation of female infertility of endocrine origin. The complex changes in the LPO-AOD system (increased levels of the substrates of oxidation and all intermediates of the LPO process amid falling values of the AOD parameters) indicate the presence of OS in women with endocrine infertility.

Piperine as a new natural supplement with beneficial effects on the life-span and defence system of honeybees

2019 ◽  
Vol 157 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-149
Author(s):  
M. Schulz ◽  
A. Łoś ◽  
M. Grzybek ◽  
R. Ścibior ◽  
A. Strachecka
Keyword(s):  
Treated Group ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Natural Diet ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Group Protein ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
The Impact

AbstractMany factors, including pathogens, environmental change and breeding techniques, affect honeybee immunity/resistance, so substances and natural supplements that enhance it are desired. To eliminate the impact of unknown external factors, in 2016 a cage experiment was conducted under constant laboratory conditions (35 °C, 65% relative humidity). Bees in the control group were fed with sugar dissolved in water at ratio 1:1 ad libitum with no additives, while the other group was fed with sugar syrup (1:1) supplemented with piperine (3 µg/ml) ad libitum. The piperine-treated workers lived 9 days longer compared to the control group. In the piperine-consuming group, protein concentration and the activities of antioxidative enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST), were higher than in the control group. The activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were also higher in the piperine-treated group. Neutral and acidic proteases inhibitors, as well as neutral protease activities, were higher in the haemolymph of the piperine-treated workers than in untreated bees. Acidic protease activities in the haemolymph were higher in untreated workers only on days 18 and 32. Alkaline protease activities in the control bees were higher from day 10. From 10 days old, the total antioxidant capacity level was significantly higher in the haemolymph of piperine-treated workers. Piperine decreased DNA methylation levels significantly in the older bees. The compound could have the potential to be a natural diet supplement increasing apian resistance to stress factors.

scholarly journals Effects of Sub-Lethal Doses of Selenium Nanoparticles on the Health Status of Rats

Toxics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Lenka Urbankova ◽  
Sylvie Skalickova ◽  
Magdalena Pribilova ◽  
Andrea Ridoskova ◽  
Pavlina Pelcova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Total Antioxidant Status ◽  
Liver Parenchyma ◽  
Selenium Nanoparticles ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Total Antioxidant

Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) are fast becoming a key instrument in several applications such as medicine or nutrition. Questions have been raised about the safety of their use. Male rats were fed for 28 days on a monodiet containing 0.5, 1.5, 3.0 and 5.0 mg Se/kg. Se content in blood and liver, liver panel tests, blood glucose, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were analysed. Liver and duodenum were subjected to histopathology examination. The weight gain of rats showed no differences between tested groups. Se content in blood was higher in all treated groups compared to the control group. The liver concentration of Se in the treated groups varied in the range from 222 to 238 ng/g. No differences were observed in the activity of AST (aspartate aminotransferase), ALP (alkaline phosphatase) and TAS (total antioxidant status). A significant decrease in ALT activity compared to the control group was observed in the treated groups. GPx activity varied from 80 to 88 U/mL through tested groups. SOD activity in liver was decreased in the SeNP-treated group with 5 mg Se/kg (929 ± 103 U/mL). Histopathological examination showed damage to the liver parenchyma and intestinal epithelium in a dose-dependent manner. This study suggests that short-term SeNP supplementation can be safe and beneficial in Se deficiency or specific treatment.

scholarly journals Oxidant/Antioxidant Profile in the Thoracic Aneurysm of Patients with the Loeys-Dietz Syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Maria Elena Soto ◽  
Lináloe G. Manzano-Pech ◽  
Verónica Guarner-Lans ◽  
Jorge A. Díaz-Galindo ◽  
Xicoténcatl Vásquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Thioredoxin Reductase ◽  
Aortic Aneurysms ◽  
Aortic Tissue ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Antioxidant Profile ◽  
Total Antioxidant

Patients with the Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) have mutations in the TGF-βR1, TGF-βR2, and SMAD3 genes. However, little is known about the redox homeostasis in the thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAA) they develop. Here, we evaluate the oxidant/antioxidant profile in the TAA tissue from LDS patients and compare it with that in nondamaged aortic tissue from control (C) subjects. We evaluate the enzymatic activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) isoforms, and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR). We also analyze some antioxidants from a nonenzymatic system such as selenium (Se), glutathione (GSH), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Oxidative stress markers such as lipid peroxidation and carbonylation, as well as xanthine oxidase (ORX) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expressions, were also evaluated. TAA from LDS patients showed a decrease in GSH, Se, TAC, GPx, GST, CAT, and TrxR. The SOD activity and ORX expressions were increased, but the Nrf2 expression was decreased. The results suggest that the redox homeostasis is altered in the TAA from LDS patients, favoring ROS overproduction that contributes to the decrease in GSH and TAC and leads to LPO and carbonylation. The decrease in Se and Nrf2 alters the activity and/or expression of some antioxidant enzymes, thus favoring a positive feedback oxidative background that contributes to the TAA formation.

Hypoglycemic and Antioxidant Effects of Honey Supplementation in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats

2010 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erejuwa O. Omotayo ◽  
Sunil Gurtu ◽  
Siti Amrah Sulaiman ◽  
Mohd Suhaimi Ab Wahab ◽  
Sirajudeen K.N.S ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Total Antioxidant Status ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Oral Gavage ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Matrix Expansion ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Antioxidant Effects

Objectives: Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the development of diabetic complications. The aims of this study were to investigate whether honey could reduce hyperglycemia and ameliorate oxidative stress in kidneys of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Methods: Diabetes was induced by a single dose of STZ (60 mg/kg; i. p.). Diabetic rats were randomly grouped and administered distilled water (0.5 mL/day) and honey (0.2 g/kg/day, 1.2 g/kg/day and 2.4 g/kg/day) by oral gavage for four weeks. Each group consisted of six rats. Results: Total antioxidant status (TAS), activities of catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) were significantly reduced, while superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was up-regulated in kidneys of diabetic rats. Lipid peroxidation (TBARS) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) were significantly elevated while body weight was reduced in diabetic rats. Honey significantly increased body weight, TAS, activities of CAT, GPx, GR, and GST in diabetic rats. It significantly restored SOD activity, and reduced FPG and TBARS levels in diabetic rats. Histopathological examinations of the kidneys revealed that mesangial matrix expansion and thickening of glomerular basement membrane were reduced in the honey-treated diabetic rats. Conclusions: Honey exerts a hypoglycemic effect and ameliorates oxidative stress in kidneys of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

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