scholarly journals Behavioural Responses and Mortality of Clarias gariepinus Juveniles Exposed to Acute Concentrations of Paraquat

2021 ◽  
pp. 49-54
Author(s):  
Okey I. B. ◽  
Ayotunde E. O. ◽  
Patrick B. U.
Keyword(s):  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Relative Toxicity ◽  
Lethal Effects ◽  
Cumulative Mortality ◽  
Behavioural Responses ◽  
Behavioural Changes ◽  
Aquatic Pollutants ◽  
Loss Of Balance ◽  
Toxicity Factor ◽  
Lethal Time

Paraquat is the most common contact and non- selective herbicide for exterminating vegetative pest. Fish are ideal sentinels for detecting aquatic pollutants and are largely used as bio indicators of environmental pollution. This study is aimed to determine the behavioural changes, lethal concentrations (LCs) and mean lethal time (MLT) of paraquat exposed to Clarias gariepinus. A 96 hours renewable bioassay was conducted with various paraquat concentrations 0.0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.0 and 1.25 mg/l. Behavioural changes and cumulative mortality were observed and recorded at 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hour. Behavioural changes such as air gulping, erratic swimming, loss of balance, excessive mucus secretion, discolouration and death were observed with severity increasing as concentration and duration of exposure increases. The LC50 values were decreased from 0.191mg/l (0.171 – 0.222) in 12 hour to 0.107mg/l (0.065 – 0.150) in 96 hour, while relative toxicity factor (TF) was increased from 1 to 1.79 times respectively. The 96hr MLT values were decreased from 91.18 hours (54.09-105.64) at the lowest concentration to 16.22 hours (9.06 – 25.15) at the highest concentration with relative toxicity time (RTT) increasing from 1 to 5.62 times. Herbicide should be apply with caution and studies on the sub lethal effects of paraquat on the haematological, biochemical and histological parameters of C. gariepinus juveniles will be necessary.

Acute behavioural responses to tail docking in piglets – Effects of increasing docking length?

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-186
Author(s):  
Mette S. Herskin ◽  
Pierpaolo Di Giminiani ◽  
Birthe M. Damgaard ◽  
Karen Thodberg
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Behavioural Responses ◽  
Behavioural Changes ◽  
Tail Docking ◽  
Neuroma Formation ◽  
Production Conditions ◽  
Pain Responses

AbstractBackground and aimTail docking has been suggested as an animal model of neuropathy and pain based on findings of relations between the degree of neuroma formation and the docking length. We examined effects of docking length on behaviour of piglets during and 6 h after tail docking.MethodsPiglets were tail docked 2–4 d post-partum. We used 53 piglets and four treatments: intact (I), removal of either 25 (Q), 50 (H) or 75% (T) of the tail. The piglets were kept with sow and littermates under production conditions, and docked using a gas-heated instrument. Behaviour was observed during docking and for the following 6 h.ResultsTail docking led to behavioural changes, the magnitude of which to some extend depended on docking length. Increased docking length led to increased intra-procedural vocalization score (0, 0.6 ± 0.2, 1.4 ± 0.2 and 1.4 ± 0.2 for I, Q, H and T, respectively, P<0.001). In the initial 6h, increased docking length led to increased time spent in the heated creep area (2 ± 1%, 15 ± 6%, 18±8% and 30±6% for I, Q, H and T, respectively; P<0.05). Piglet posture was affected as well, showing that increased docking length led to decreased lying (71 ± 2%, 68 ± 2%, 61 ± 2% and 61 ± 2% for I, Q, H and T, respectively, P<0.01) and increased time spent active (24 ± 2%, 23 ± 2%, 32 ± 2% and 30 ± 3% for I, Q, H and T, respectively, P< 0.05). Pain specific behaviours such as trembling or tail flicking were registered and occurred in 5 ± 1% and 9 ± 1% of observations. However, no effects of docking length could be shown.ConclusionsPiglets responded behaviourally to tail docking. Increasing docking length led to increased pain responses such as intra-procedural vocalizations, hiding behaviour and reduced rest, indicative of increased pain. These results confirm earlier reports suggesting that tail docking might be suitable as an animal model for neuropathy and pain.

Behavioural responses of Polinices incei (Gastopoda : Naticidae) to diesel oil contamination in sediments

1988 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 435 ◽  
Author(s):  
HF Chapman ◽  
RL Kitching ◽  
JM Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Significant Response ◽  
Oil Contamination ◽  
Lethal Effects ◽  
Behavioural Responses ◽  
Total Length ◽  
Intertidal Gastropod

The effects of diesel oil on burying and crawling behaviour in the intertidal gastropod Polinices incei are presented. Burying was examined by recording the number of animals buried after exposure to pollutant for 30 min and 24 h. Crawling activity was estimated by measuring the total length of track left in the sediment by a given number of snails over a set time. Both activities were reduced in the presence of diesel oil. Concentrations required to produce a significant response in terms of burial after 30 min and of crawling activity were greater than the 96-h LD50. Only the burying response after 24 h paralleled the 96-h LD50; its potential as an indicator of lethal effects is discussed.

scholarly journals LETHAL EFFECTS OF 2,2-DICHLOROVINYL DIMETHYL PHOSPHATE (DDVP) ON FINGERLING AND JUVENILE Clarias gariepinus (BURCHELL, 1822)

2013 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaac Tunde Omoniyi ◽  
Kazeem Lanre Adeogun ◽  
Samuel Olubodun Obasa
Keyword(s):  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Lethal Effects ◽  
Dimethyl Phosphate

Acute Toxicity and Behavioural Responses of African Catfish, Clarias gariepinus to Amine Salt of 2, 4-D

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-352
Author(s):  
GABRIEL Ugwemgorubong Ujagwung ◽  
MACAULAY Bonny Koffi ◽  
EDORI Onisogen Simeon
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Amine Salt ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Behavioural Responses

Toxicity bioassay of chlorpyrifos on some local fish species of northern Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-47
Author(s):  
MN Zahan ◽  
MJ Islam ◽  
T Mahajebin ◽  
MS Rahman ◽  
AKMM Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Test Chamber ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
The Body ◽  
Toxicity Bioassay ◽  
Anabas Testudineus ◽  
Behavioural Responses ◽  
Loss Of Balance ◽  
Toxicity Level

Four fish species namely, stinging catfish (Heteropneustes fossilis), spotted snakehead (Channa punctatus), climbing perch (Anabas testudineus) and tangra (Batasio tengana) were exposed to various concentrations of chlorpyrifos (Expert 20 EC) to investigate the mortality rate of fish species and the toxicity level of the pesticide. The LC50 values of chlorpyrifos on these fish species were 23.10, 20.32, 16.61 and 13.94 ppm, respectively at 96 hours of exposure. Among these results, it is clear that the lethal concentration is varying species to species because their strengths are different. During the experiments, some water quality parameters such as temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, total dissolved solids and electrical conductivity were also analyzed. The temperature values remained within the ranges of 17-20°C and the pH was 6.64-7.30. Fish behaved irregular and erratic movements followed by hyper excitability, loss of balance and settling to the bottom of the test chamber. At higher concentration of chlorpyrifos, alterations in physiological and behavioural responses especially erratic swimming, gulping, mucus secretion, increased opercular movement and profuse emission of mucus all above the body were observed during the primary stages of contact after which it became occasional. Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 9 (1): 42-47, June, 2019

Information depends on context: behavioural response to chemical signals depends on sex and size in crayfish contests

Behaviour ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 154 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah J. Wofford ◽  
Phillip M. LaPlante ◽  
Paul A. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Relative Size ◽  
Chemical Signals ◽  
Behavioural Response ◽  
Orconectes Rusticus ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Behavioural Responses ◽  
Behavioural Changes

Securing information about oneself or an opponent can be crucial to update the likelihood of winning a contest and the relative costs of continuing or escalating. This information can subsequently reduce costly errors. However, information encoded in signals exchanged by opponents can differ based on context. We sought to unravel these differences by pairing male and female crayfish (Orconectes rusticus) under varying sex and size conditions. A pre-optimized technique was used to visualize a well-studied contest signal in crayfish (i.e., urine). Behavioural responses were quantified prior to and after the release of that signal. There was a characteristic de-escalation of behavioural intensity after an opponent released urine. However, behavioural changes after the release event were dependent on the sex and the relative size of the opponents. Urine also significantly altered both sender and receiver behaviour, but lack of behavioural differences suggests urine plays a role in both opponent and auto-communication.

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