The work deals with topical issues such as development of composite nanostructured powder materials. The results of creating powders based on the system “aluminum–nitride of silicon” are presented. Complex investigations of the composition, structure and properties of powder materials, as well as coatings formed on their basis by supersonic cold gas dynamic spraying, were carried out. It has been found that the high-energy treatment of a powder mixture of aluminum with nanofibers of silicon nitride provides the formation of a composite powder in which a new phase of the Si(1-х)AlхO(1-х)Nх type is formed, which additionally increases the hardness in the coatings to be sprayed.