Oral fluid collection: The neglected variable in oral fluid testing

2005 ◽  
Vol 150 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 165-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis J. Crouch
Keyword(s):  
Oral Fluid ◽  
Fluid Collection

scholarly journals Pathogenicity of an African swine fever virus strain isolated in Vietnam and alternative diagnostic specimens for early detection of viral infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hu Suk Lee ◽  
Vuong Nghia Bui ◽  
Duy Tung Dao ◽  
Ngoc Anh Bui ◽  
Thanh Duy Le ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Oral Fluid ◽  
African Swine Fever Virus ◽  
Fluid Collection ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Viral Loads ◽  
Specimen Collection

Abstract Background African swine fever (ASF), caused by the ASF virus (ASFV), was first reported in Vietnam in 2019 and spread rapidly thereafter. Better insights into ASFV characteristics and early detection by surveillance could help control its spread. However, the pathogenicity and methods for early detection of ASFV isolates from Vietnam have not been established. Therefore, we investigated the pathogenicity of ASFV and explored alternative sampling methods for early detection. Results Ten pigs were intramuscularly inoculated with an ASFV strain from Vietnam (titer, 103.5 HAD50/mL), and their temperature, clinical signs, and virus excretion patterns were recorded. In addition, herd and environmental samples were collected daily. The pigs died 5–8 days-post-inoculation (dpi), and the incubation period was 3.7 ± 0.5 dpi. ASFV genome was first detected in the blood (2.2 ± 0.8) and then in rectal (3.1 ± 0.7), nasal (3.2 ± 0.4), and oral (3.6 ± 0.7 dpi) swab samples. ASFV was detected in oral fluid samples collected using a chewed rope from 3 dpi. The liver showed the highest viral loads, and ear tissue also exhibited high viral loads among 11 tissues obtained from dead pigs. Overall, ASFV from Vietnam was classified as peracute to acute form. The rope-based oral fluid collection method could be useful for early ASFV detection and allows successful ASF surveillance in large pig farms. Furthermore, ear tissue samples might be a simple alternative specimen for diagnosing ASF infection in dead pigs. Conclusions Our data provide valuable insights into the characteristics of a typical ASFV strain isolated in Vietnam and suggest an alternative, non-invasive specimen collection strategy for early detection.

scholarly journals Feasibility of pooled oral fluid collection from pre-weaning piglets using cotton ropes

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 100099 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gwenaël Boulbria ◽  
Valérie Normand ◽  
Mily Leblanc-Maridor ◽  
Catherine Belloc ◽  
Pauline Berton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Fluid ◽  
Fluid Collection ◽  
Weaning Piglets

Efficiency of oral fluid collection devices in extracting antibodies

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. K. Chang ◽  
M. E. Cohen ◽  
D. R. Bienek
Keyword(s):  
Oral Fluid ◽  
Fluid Collection

scholarly journals Oral fluid collection by post for viral antibody testing

2001 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 298-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
T O'Connell ◽  
L Thornton ◽  
D O'Flanagan ◽  
A Staines ◽  
J Connell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Fluid ◽  
Fluid Collection ◽  
Antibody Testing ◽  
Viral Antibody

scholarly journals Oral fluid as material for non-invasive antibiotics detection in pigs

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (8) ◽  
pp. 462-467
Author(s):  
Anna Gajda ◽  
Andrzej Posyniak
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Oral Fluid ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Fluid Collection ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Pig Production ◽  
Rapid Sampling

Intensive and massive pig production often contributes to excessive administration of antibacterials in veterinary medicine. The misuse and failures to follow the label directions of antibiotics, as well as withdrawal inadequacy, can lead to their residue occurrence in products of animal origin. The residue of drugs may result in many biological adverse effects and allergic reactions in consumers as well as the spread of drug-resistant bacteria and bacterial resistance acquisition. Consolidation of pig production requires ensuring adequate conditions of the maintenance of animals with high health conditions, consistent with the guidelines for animal welfare. At the same time, the control of antibiotics in animals is an important element providing the high quality of pigs breeding, as well as the protection of consumers. In residue monitoring programs, the primary material for the control of antibiotics presence in pigs are tissue samples, collected from animals at the slaughterhouse. However, post-mortem analysis does not give the opportunity of monitoring the usage of antibiotics on the farm during the breeding of animals. In ante mortem drug analysis blood can be used as a diagnostic biological matrix; however, blood sampling is connected with certain disadvantages for the animals and the staff responsible for material collection. The post-mortem detection and presence of antibiotic residues in pork tissues above MRL values very often lead to the recall and destruction of significant quantities of meat, which may contribute to economic losses. Therefore, a strong need to find and implement new methods for ante-mortem detection of antibiotics in animals exists, which minimize interference in animal welfare. The results of preliminary studies demonstrate that oral fluid seems to be an effective tool for monitoring the reasonable treatment and residue avoidance. It offers a cost-effective approach for the screening of large populations of animals. The method of oral fluid collection with cotton rope usage allows for the rapid sampling of material. In case of positive oral fluid ante-mortem analysis results, the slaughtering of animals can be delayed, which can bring the avoidance of costs connected with the non-compliant pig meat destruction.

Comparison of oral fluid collection methods for the molecular detection of hepatitis B virus

Oral Diseases ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 1072-1079 ◽  
Author(s):  
MM Portilho ◽  
ACF Mendonça ◽  
VA Marques ◽  
LC Nabuco ◽  
CA Villela-Nogueira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Oral Fluid ◽  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Fluid Collection ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Collection Methods

scholarly journals Recovery of Drugs of Abuse from the Immunalysis Quantisal  Oral Fluid Collection Device

2006 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 614-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Quintela ◽  
D. J. Crouch ◽  
D. M. Andrenyak
Keyword(s):  
Oral Fluid ◽  
Drugs Of Abuse ◽  
Fluid Collection ◽  
Collection Device

scholarly journals A Case Study Evaluating the Efficacy of an Ad Hoc Hospital Collection Device for Fentanyl in Infant Oral Fluid

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (7) ◽  
pp. 741-746
Author(s):  
Ashley M Gesseck ◽  
Justin L Poklis ◽  
Carl E Wolf ◽  
Jie Xu ◽  
Aamir Bashir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Oral Fluid ◽  
Drug Exposure ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Fluid Collection ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Umbilical Cord Tissue ◽  
Virginia Commonwealth University

Abstract Neonatal drug exposure is currently assessed using meconium, urine, blood, hair, or umbilical cord tissue/blood. Due to the invasiveness, challenges, and limitations of collection, and/or analytical difficulties of these matrices, oral fluid may be a more desirable matrix in diagnosing opioid exposure and risk for opioid withdrawal in neonatal abstinence syndrome. Traditional oral fluid collection devices are not viable options as they are too large for neonates’ mouths and may contain chemicals on the collection pad. Unstimulated and stimulated infant oral fluid samples have been used for therapeutic drug monitoring as an alternative matrix to blood. The objective of this study was to assess the viability of a simple oral fluid collection system using a sterile foam-tipped swab rinsed in phosphate-buffered saline. Two infants were administered fentanyl for post-operative pain relief while hospitalized in the Neonatal Intensive Care Units at the Children’s Hospital of Richmond of Virginia Commonwealth University. Oral fluid samples were collected at 16 h, 2 days, and/or 7 days following the start of intravenous infusion of fentanyl. Samples were analyzed by ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry for fentanyl and norfentanyl after solid-phase extraction. In one of the three samples tested, fentanyl and norfentanyl were detected at concentrations of 28 and 78 ng/mL, respectively. Based on the infusion rate, the theoretical oral fluid fentanyl concentration at steady state was calculated to be 33 ng/mL.

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