Ancestral differences in femoral neck axis length: Possible implications for forensic anthropological analyses

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the risk of hip fracture using proximal femoral morphometry in fractured and nonfractured postmenopausal women.Methods: We conducted an observational cross-sectional study with 138 postmenopausal women (49 fractured and 89 nonfractured). The hip axis length (HAL), femoral neck axis length (FNAL), acetabular width (AW), femoral head width (FHW), femoral shaft width (FSW), and femoral neck shaft angle (FNSA) were measured in all cases by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. We also studied the correlation between body mass index (BMI) with all the parameters in fractured and control groups.Results: The mean age, height, weight, and BMI were 61.24±3.23, 163.94±7.84 cm, 71.88±9.14 kg, and 26.72±2.78 kg/m², respectively, in fractured patients. In nonfractured patients the values were 59.73±5.32, 161.73±4.25 cm, 69.54±6.25 kg, and 26.74±2.23 kg/m² respectively. The mean HAL, FNAL, AW, FHW, FSW, and FNSA were 130.5±3.18 mm, 111.26±3.64 mm, 18.2±1.91 mm, 53.46±1.51 mm, 37.45±1.82 mm, and 132.76±3.15 degree incase group and 130.84±4.74 mm, 112.48±4.08 mm, 17.57±2.32 mm, 53.4±1.86 mm, 35.29±1.82 mm, and 128.76±3.6° in control group, respectively.Conclusion: The femoral parameters such as HAL, FNAL, AW, and FHW do not indicate any correlation between fractured and control groups, whereas FSW and FNSA were significantly higher in case group. The FNSA was having significant negative correlation with BMI in fractured group while that was having a significant positive correlation in the nonfractured group. This observation will be helpful in exploration of its clinical significance in proximal femoral fracture.Keywords: Proximal femur, Morphometry, Postmenopausal, Fracture.

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Femoral Neck Axis Length, Height Loss and Risk of Hip Fracture in Males and Females

Osteoporosis International ◽

10.1007/s001980050051 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 75-81 ◽

Cited By ~ 62

Author(s):

J.R. Center ◽

T.V. Nguyen ◽

N.A. Pocock ◽

K.A. Noakes ◽

P.J. Kelly ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hip Fracture ◽

Femoral Neck ◽

Height Loss ◽

Femoral Neck Axis ◽

Males And Females ◽

Axis Length

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The Use of Femoral Neck Axis Length to Estimate Sex and Ancestry

Journal of Forensic Sciences ◽

10.1111/1556-4029.12820 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 60 (5) ◽

pp. 1300-1304 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Rebecca A. Meeusen ◽

Angi M. Christensen ◽

Joseph T. Hefner

Keyword(s):

Femoral Neck ◽

Femoral Neck Axis ◽

Axis Length

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Radiographic Assessment of the Proximal Femoral Anatomy in An Indigenous African Adult Population

International Journal of Anatomy and Research ◽

10.16965/ijar.2021.140 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (3.1) ◽

pp. 8034-8039

Keyword(s):

Femoral Neck ◽

Proximal Femur ◽

Adult Population ◽

Femoral Offset ◽

Femoral Neck Axis ◽

Neck Shaft Angle ◽

Shaft Angle ◽

The Mean ◽

Axis Length ◽

Neck Diameter

Background: Hip surgeries such as fracture fixation, corrective osteotomy, hemiarthroplasty, or total hip arthroplasty require accurate preoperative templating for a successful outcome. Such templating is done using the proximal femur and the acetabulum radiographs, depending on the planned surgery. Understanding the normal radiographic anatomy of the proximal femur is crucial to differentiate a normal from pathological anatomy. Proximal femoral anatomic indices include the femoral head diameter, femoral neck diameter, femoral neck length, femoral offset, femoral neck axis length and the femoral neck-shaft angle. Aim: This study assesses and establishes the average values of the proximal femoral anatomy in an indigenous African adult population. Method: This cross-sectional study examined 190 normal anteroposterior (AP) radiographs of the pelvis. The mean age, weight and height of the subjects were obtained. The following proximal femoral anatomic parameters were measured: femoral neck length (FNL), femoral neck diameter (FND), femoral head diameter (FHD), femoral neck-shaft angle (FNSA), femoral offset (FO) and femoral neck axis length (FNAL). The authors compared the mean difference of the parameters between the genders and the age categories and assessed the parameter correlations with the patients’ weight and height. Results: Males constituted 63 (33.2%) of the study population. The mean age of the subjects was 51.46 years (SD = 16.37). The mean weight was 76.13 kg, while the mean height was 1.62 m. The mean values of the proximal femoral parameters were as follows: FNL 4.52cm, FND 3.42cm, FHD 4.76cm, FNSA 132.960, FO 4.09cm, and FNAL 10.34cm. Males have a significantly higher mean value in all the parameters except the FO. None of the parameters showed any significant difference among the age categories except the FNL. A post-hoc analysis showed that the difference in the FNL lies between the young and the elderly age groups. The subjects’ height correlated with all the parameters except FNSA, while the weight correlated with the FND, FNSA and FNAL. Conclusion: The proximal femoral anatomy in Africans differed from those published in foreign literature. This knowledge is crucial for implant manufacturing companies and preoperative templating for hip surgeries. KEY WORDS: Proximal femur, Anatomy, Black population.

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The Influence of Acetabular Morphology on Prediction of Proximal Femur Fractures Types in an Elderly Population

Hip International ◽

10.5301/hipint.5000476 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 27 (5) ◽

pp. 489-493 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Abbas Tokyay ◽

Melih Güven ◽

Mehmet E. Encan ◽

Erhan Okay ◽

Ozgur Akbaba

Keyword(s):

Femoral Neck ◽

Proximal Femur ◽

Acetabular Index ◽

Hip Axis Length ◽

Neck Shaft Angle ◽

Femur Fractures ◽

Acetabular Morphology ◽

Neck Fracture ◽

Axis Length ◽

Fracture Types

Introduction The role of proximal femur morphology to the development of certain proximal femur fracture types both femoral neck and trochanteric fractures has been observed. However, the relavance of acetabular morphology to the development of proximal femur fractures is not extensively questioned. Therefore the aim of the study was to determine whether there is a correlation between acetabular morphology and pathogenesis of 2 different hip fracture types after low energy trauma. Methods This retrospective study includes 60 cases (41 women, 19 men) with a proximal femoral fracture after a low energy trauma between July 2012 and December 2014. Acetabular depth and acetabular index were measured on pelvic radiographs. Neck shaft angle, hip axis length and cortical index were measured on pelvic computed tomography scans. All measurements were performed on the contralateral hip. Results Mean age was 77.56 ± 8.99 years (range 61-92 years). No statistically significant difference was found with regard to neck shaft angle, acetabular depth or cortical index measurements between patients with femoral neck fracture and patients with trochanteric femoral fractures (p>0.05). Acetabular index measurement was higher (p = 0.001) and hip axis length measurement was lower (p = 0.001) in trochanteric fracture group as compared to femoral neck fracture. Conclusions The rate of trochanteric femur fractures is higher in patients with high acetabular index, whereas the rate of femoral neck fractures is higher in patients with increased hip axis length.

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CUSTOMIZED GUIDE FOR FEMORAL COMPONENT POSITIONING IN HIP RESURFACING ARTHROPLASTY

Acta Ortopédica Brasileira ◽

10.1590/1413-785220172502167422 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 103-106

Author(s):

Chaturong Pornrattanamaneewong ◽

Rapeepat Narkbunnam ◽

Keerati Chareancholvanich

Keyword(s):

Femoral Neck ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Posterior Part ◽

Image Intensifier ◽

Hip Resurfacing ◽

Three Dimensional Model ◽

Level Of Evidence ◽

Hip Resurfacing Arthroplasty ◽

Femoral Neck Axis ◽

Resurfacing Arthroplasty

ABSTRACT Objective: To prove the accuracy of a customized guide developed according to our method. Methods: This customized guide was developed from a three-dimensional model of proximal femur reconstructed using computed tomography data. Based on the new technique, the position of the guide pin insertion was selected and adjusted using the reference of the anatomical femoral neck axis. The customized guide consists of a hemispheric covering designed to fit the posterior part of the femoral neck. The performance of the customized guide was tested in eight patients scheduled for total hip arthroplasty. The stability of the customized guide was assessed by orthopedic surgeons. An intraoperative image intensifier was used to assess the accuracy. Results: The customized guide was stabilized with full contact and was fixed in place in all patients. The mean angular deviations in relation to the what was planned in anteroposterior and lateral hip radiographs were 0.5º ± 1.8º in valgus and 1.0º ± 2.4º in retroversion, respectively. Conclusion: From this pilot test, the authors suggest that the proposed technique could be applied as a customized guide to the positioning device for hip resurfacing arthroplasty with acceptable accuracy and user-friendly interface. Level of Evidence IV, Cases Series.

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