An investigation of appetite-related peptide transcript expression in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) brain following a Camelina sativa meal-supplemented feeding trial

Nodaviruses and other RNA viruses have a profoundly negative impact on the global aquaculture industry. Nodaviruses target nervous tissue causing viral nervous necrosis, a disease characterized by neurological damage, swimming abnormalities, and morbidity. This study used functional genomic techniques to study the Atlantic cod ( Gadus morhua ) brain transcript expression responses to asymptomatic high nodavirus carrier state and intraperitoneal injection of polyriboinosinic polyribocytidylic acid (pIC). Reciprocal suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) cDNA libraries enriched for virus-responsive brain transcripts were constructed and characterized. We generated 1,938 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from a forward brain SSH library (enriched for transcripts upregulated by nodavirus and/or pIC) and 1,980 ESTs from a reverse brain SSH library (enriched for transcripts downregulated by nodavirus and/or pIC). To examine the effect of nodavirus carrier state on individual brain gene expression in asymptomatic cod, 27 transcripts of interest were selected for quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (QPCR) studies. Transcripts found to be >10-fold upregulated in individuals with a high nodavirus carrier state relative to those in a no/low nodavirus carrier state were identified as ISG15, IL8, DHX58 (alias LGP2), ZNFX1, RSAD2 (alias viperin), and SACS (sacsin, alias spastic ataxia of Charlevoix-Saguenay). These and other SSH-identified transcripts were also found by QPCR to be significantly ( P < 0.05) upregulated by pIC compared with saline-injected controls within 72 h of injection. Several transcripts identified in the reverse SSH library, including two putative ubiquitination pathway members (HERC4 and SUMO2), were found to be significantly ( P < 0.05) downregulated in individuals with a high nodavirus carrier state. Our data shows that Atlantic cod brains have a strong interferon pathway response to asymptomatic high nodavirus carrier state and that many interferon pathway and other immune relevant transcripts are significantly induced in brain by both nodavirus and pIC.

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Full characterization and transcript expression profiling of the interferon regulatory factor (IRF) gene family in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua)

Developmental & Comparative Immunology ◽

10.1016/j.dci.2019.03.015 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 98 ◽

pp. 166-180 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Sabrina M. Inkpen ◽

Monica H. Solbakken ◽

Sissel Jentoft ◽

Khalil Eslamloo ◽

Matthew L. Rise

Keyword(s):

Gene Family ◽

Expression Profiling ◽

Gadus Morhua ◽

Atlantic Cod ◽

Interferon Regulatory Factor ◽

Transcript Expression ◽

Regulatory Factor ◽

Full Characterization

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Characterization of the fatty acyl elongase (elovl) gene family, and hepatic elovl and delta-6 fatty acyl desaturase transcript expression and fatty acid responses to diets containing camelina oil in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua)

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B Biochemistry and Molecular Biology ◽

10.1016/j.cbpb.2014.06.005 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 175 ◽

pp. 9-22 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Xi Xue ◽

Charles Y. Feng ◽

Stefanie M. Hixson ◽

Kim Johnstone ◽

Derek M. Anderson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Gene Family ◽

Gadus Morhua ◽

Atlantic Cod ◽

Fatty Acyl ◽

Transcript Expression ◽

Camelina Oil ◽

Fatty Acyl Desaturase

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Effects of tachykinins on gastric acid and pepsin secretion and on gastric outflow in the Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua

AJP Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpgi.1986.250.3.g309 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 250 (3) ◽

pp. G309-G315 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

B. Holstein ◽

C. Cederberg

Keyword(s):

Substance P ◽

Acid Secretion ◽

Gastric Acid ◽

Gadus Morhua ◽

Atlantic Cod ◽

Gastric Volume ◽

Pepsin Secretion ◽

Secretory Rate ◽

Related Peptide ◽

High Doses

Gastric acid and pepsin responses to substance P, physalaemin, eledoisin, and an eledoisin-related peptide, [Lys6]eledoisin-(6-11), were measured in gastrically and intestinally perfused cods. The intestinal perfusion maintains water balance and inhibits drinking. During basal conditions acid secretion was stimulated (approximately equal to 25%) by low doses (less than 0.13 nmol X kg-1 X h-1) of physalaemin and eledoisin. High doses (greater than 16 nmol X kg-1 X h-1) were inhibitory. Median and very high doses of substance P and eledoisin-related peptide, respectively, tended to stimulate acid secretion. All tachykinins were extremely efficacious pepsigogues. Physalaemin and eledoisin were the most potent (D50 approximately 10(-10) mol X kg-1 X h-1) but produced fading and submaximal responses at high doses. The fading persisted despite endogenous acidification produced by histamine stimulation. Relative to physalaemin, the potencies of substance P and eledoisin-related peptide were 0.04 and 0.001. The results suggest that some tachykinin may be a physiological stimulator of pepsin secretion and that the effect on acid secretion results from activation of both stimulatory and inhibitory pathways. The inhibitory component probably includes a cholinergic link. Gastric volume outflow increased during infusion of physalaemin, eledoisin, and (slightly) substance P. The response, which was not related to acid secretory rate (and conceivably not to volume secretion), suggests that a tachykinin may be involved also in the regulation of drinking.

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