Impact of asymptomatic nodavirus carrier state and intraperitoneal viral mimic injection on brain transcript expression in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua)

2010 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 266-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew L. Rise ◽  
Jennifer R. Hall ◽  
Marlies Rise ◽  
Tiago S. Hori ◽  
Mitchell J. Browne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Subtractive Hybridization ◽  
Carrier State ◽  
Cdna Libraries ◽  
Transcript Expression ◽  
Viral Nervous Necrosis ◽  
Interferon Pathway ◽  
Ssh Library

Nodaviruses and other RNA viruses have a profoundly negative impact on the global aquaculture industry. Nodaviruses target nervous tissue causing viral nervous necrosis, a disease characterized by neurological damage, swimming abnormalities, and morbidity. This study used functional genomic techniques to study the Atlantic cod ( Gadus morhua ) brain transcript expression responses to asymptomatic high nodavirus carrier state and intraperitoneal injection of polyriboinosinic polyribocytidylic acid (pIC). Reciprocal suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) cDNA libraries enriched for virus-responsive brain transcripts were constructed and characterized. We generated 1,938 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from a forward brain SSH library (enriched for transcripts upregulated by nodavirus and/or pIC) and 1,980 ESTs from a reverse brain SSH library (enriched for transcripts downregulated by nodavirus and/or pIC). To examine the effect of nodavirus carrier state on individual brain gene expression in asymptomatic cod, 27 transcripts of interest were selected for quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (QPCR) studies. Transcripts found to be >10-fold upregulated in individuals with a high nodavirus carrier state relative to those in a no/low nodavirus carrier state were identified as ISG15, IL8, DHX58 (alias LGP2), ZNFX1, RSAD2 (alias viperin), and SACS (sacsin, alias spastic ataxia of Charlevoix-Saguenay). These and other SSH-identified transcripts were also found by QPCR to be significantly ( P < 0.05) upregulated by pIC compared with saline-injected controls within 72 h of injection. Several transcripts identified in the reverse SSH library, including two putative ubiquitination pathway members (HERC4 and SUMO2), were found to be significantly ( P < 0.05) downregulated in individuals with a high nodavirus carrier state. Our data shows that Atlantic cod brains have a strong interferon pathway response to asymptomatic high nodavirus carrier state and that many interferon pathway and other immune relevant transcripts are significantly induced in brain by both nodavirus and pIC.

Natural mortality from poor condition in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua)

2000 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 826-836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Denis Dutil ◽  
Yvan Lambert
Keyword(s):  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Fish Muscle ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Wild Fish ◽  
Natural Mortality ◽  
Muscle Lactate ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Poor Condition

The extent of energy depletion was assessed in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) in spring and early summer (1993-1995) to assess relationships between poor condition and natural mortality. Several indices of condition were compared in wild fish in the northern Gulf of St. Lawrence and in fish exposed to a prolonged period of starvation in laboratory experiments. Discriminant analyses classified only a small fraction of the wild fish as similar to cod that did not survive and a much larger fraction as similar to cod that survived starvation. This percentage increased from April to May and peaked in June 1993 and 1994. Condition factor and muscle somatic index allowed a clear distinction between live and dead fish. Muscle lactate dehydrogenase activity suggested that cod had experienced a period of negative growth early in 1993, 1994, and 1995. Fish classified as similar to starved individuals were characterized by a higher gonad to liver mass ratio than others. Reproduction may have a negative impact on survival not only in spring but also later into summer, as some individuals were found not to have recovered by late summer. This study shows that natural mortality from poor condition contributed to lower production in the early 1990s.

Outbreaks of viral nervous necrosis in juvenile and adult farmed Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua L., in Norway

2010 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Hellberg ◽  
A Kvellestad ◽  
B Dannevig ◽  
G Bornø ◽  
I Modahl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Viral Nervous Necrosis

Genetic analysis of vibriosis and viral nervous necrosis resistance in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) using a cure model1

2013 ◽  
Vol 91 (8) ◽  
pp. 3574-3582 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Bangera ◽  
J. Ødegård ◽  
H. M. Nielsen ◽  
H. M. Gjøen ◽  
A. Mortensen
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Viral Nervous Necrosis

Genetic correlations between growth rate and resistance to vibriosis and viral nervous necrosis in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.)

Aquaculture ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 317 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 67-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rama Bangera ◽  
Jørgen Ødegård ◽  
Anne Kettunen Præbel ◽  
Atle Mortensen ◽  
Hanne Marie Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Viral Nervous Necrosis

Environmental and fishing limitations to the rebuilding of the northern Gulf of St. Lawrence cod stock (Gadus morhua)

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 618-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvan Lambert
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Fishing Mortality ◽  
Recent Period ◽  
Instantaneous Rate

Time series of life history traits determining the reproductive potential and productivity of Atlantic cod ( Gadus morhua ) in the northern Gulf of St. Lawrence (nGSL) were obtained for the period covering the collapse and failure of the stock to recover. Decreasing trends in these traits were observed under unfavourable oceanographic conditions, with lowest values reached in the early 1990s. These changes had a negative impact on reproductive rate and instantaneous rate (r) of population growth. Estimates of r used as a proxy of stock productivity were negative when the stock collapsed, indicating that the biomass would have decreased even without fishing. Population abundance projections for the recent period suggest a potential increase in population size of 7.3% per year, with a doubling time of 10.5 years in the absence of exploitation and a near 0% rate with current fishing mortality, indicating that present harvesting does not allow any rebuilding of the stock. Given the similarities in environmental conditions and key life history traits, the situation in the nGSL might reflect the state of many northwest Atlantic cod stocks.

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