Characterization of the fatty acyl elongase (elovl) gene family, and hepatic elovl and delta-6 fatty acyl desaturase transcript expression and fatty acid responses to diets containing camelina oil in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua)

AbstractThe conserved fatty acyl reductase (FAR) family is involved in biosynthesis of fatty alcohols that serve a range of biological roles. In moths, butterflies (Lepidoptera), and bees (Hymenoptera), FARs biosynthesize fatty alcohol pheromones participating in mate-finding strategies. Using a combination of next-generation sequencing, analysis of transposable elements (TE) in the genomic environment of FAR genes, and functional characterization of FARs from Bombus lucorum, B. lapidarius, and B. terrestris, we uncovered a massive expansion of the FAR gene family in Hymenoptera, presumably facilitated by TEs. Expansion occurred in the common ancestor of bumblebees (Bombini) and stingless bees (Meliponini) after their divergence from the honeybee lineage. We found that FARs from the expanded FAR-A orthology group contributed to the species-specific male marking pheromone composition. Our results indicate that TE-mediated expansion and functional diversification of the FAR gene family played a key role in the evolution of pheromone communication in the crown group of Hymenoptera.AbbreviationsMMP: male marking pheromone, FA: fatty acid, FAME: fatty acid methyl ester, FAR: fatty acyl reductase, LG: labial gland, FB: fat body, TE: transposable element.

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Characterization of 155 EST-derived microsatellites from Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and validation for linkage mapping

Molecular Ecology Resources ◽

10.1111/j.1755-0998.2008.02475.x ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 733-737 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

B. HIGGINS ◽

S. HUBERT ◽

G. SIMPSON ◽

C. STONE ◽

S. BOWMAN

Keyword(s):

Linkage Mapping ◽

Gadus Morhua ◽

Atlantic Cod

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Diet-induced differences in the essential fatty acid (EFA) compositions of larval Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) with reference to possible effects of dietary EFAs on larval performance

ICES Journal of Marine Science ◽

10.1016/j.icesjms.2005.11.002 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 63 (2) ◽

pp. 302-310 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

C.J. Cutts ◽

J. Sawanboonchun ◽

C. Mazorra de Quero ◽

J.G. Bell

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Essential Fatty Acid ◽

Gadus Morhua ◽

Atlantic Cod ◽

Lipid Level ◽

Larval Growth ◽

Somatic Tissue ◽

Larval Performance ◽

Experimental Diet ◽

Live Feed

Abstract We studied the performance of cod rearing in which live feed was given under three different essential fatty acid (EFA) enrichment regimes, using commercially available live-feed enrichments. We assessed the fatty acid profile [docosahexaenoic (DHA), eicosapentaenoic (EPA), and arachidonic acid (AA)] in larval somatic tissue, relative to its amounts in both rotifers and Artemia as well as to larval performance. Overall, percentage lipid level of each experimental diet for the trial was approximately 50%. Further, there were no significant differences in total fatty acid levels of larvae from each treatment at the end of the trial (mean = 444.76 μg fatty acid per mg lipid). However, during the rotifer phase, larvae from each treatment were able to incorporate comparable levels of %DHA, irrespective of levels in the diet. Despite this, the rotifer diet with more %DHA still promoted better larval growth than other treatments. Conversely, larvae from two of the treatments did not exhibit any accumulation of AA, reflecting levels found in the diet instead. However, between-tank differences in larval %AA showed improved growth during the rotifer period when larval %AA was high. Low ratios of EPA had no effect. During the Artemia phase, percentage levels of larval DHA decreased; there was no accumulation of DHA relative to dietary levels, which in Artemia were significantly lower than in rotifers (6 cf. 20–30%). However, DHA levels in larvae at the end of the experiment correlated positively with survival. Artemia contained lower levels of AA than rotifers (1.5 cf. 3.0%), yet comparable levels of AA were found in rotifer-fed and Artemia-fed larvae. This also differed significantly between treatments, and correlated positively with survival.

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