El Niño driven extreme sea levels in an Eastern Pacific tropical river delta: Landward amplification and shift from oceanic to fluvial forcing

2021 ◽  
pp. 103529
Author(s):  
Jean-Philippe Belliard ◽  
Luis Dominguez-Granda ◽  
John A. Ramos-Veliz ◽  
Andrea M. Rosado-Moncayo ◽  
Jorge Nath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
River Delta ◽  
Eastern Pacific ◽  
Tropical River ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
Extreme Sea Levels

scholarly journals Contrasting Impacts of Three Extreme El Niños on Double ITCZs over the Eastern Pacific Ocean

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 424
Author(s):  
Yinlan Chen ◽  
Li Yan ◽  
Gen Li ◽  
Jianjun Xu ◽  
Jingchao Long ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Intertropical Convergence Zone ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Eastern Pacific ◽  
Eastern Pacific Ocean ◽  
Symmetric Structure ◽  
Double Itcz ◽  
Sst Warming

In the recent four decades, there were three record-breaking El Niño events: 1982/1983, 1997/1998, and 2015/2016 events. A double intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) pattern distinctively emerges over the eastern Pacific Ocean during boreal spring. Based on reanalysis (ERA-Interim) during 1979–2018, this study examines how these three extreme El Niños modulate such double ITCZs. The 1982/1983 and 1997/1998 El Niños moved both northern and southern ITCZs equatorward to form an individual and broad equatorial ITCZ. In contrast, the regulation of 2015/2016 El Niño was unique with a strengthened southern ITCZ to form a symmetric double-ITCZ. The above differences can be attributed to the different meridional structures of sea surface temperatures (SSTs). For the 1982/1983 and 1997/1998 El Niños, there was a meridionally symmetric structure of SST warming with a maximum at the equator. While for 2015/2016 El Niño, there was a meridionally symmetric structure of SST warming with a minimum at the equator.

scholarly journals A Comparative Analysis of the Impacts of Two Types of El Niño on the Central and Eastern Pacific ITCZ

Atmosphere ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 266
Author(s):  
Jinshuang Zhu ◽  
Yudi Liu ◽  
Ruiqing Xie ◽  
Haijie Chang
Keyword(s):  
Rossby Wave ◽  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Eastern Pacific ◽  
Wave Response ◽  
Mature Period ◽  
Rossby Wave Response ◽  
Sst Anomaly ◽  
Ep El Niño ◽  
Meridional Mode

The precipitation data from the Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) and CPC Merged Analysis of Precipitation (CMAP) were used to investigate the discrepancy of Centre and Eastern Pacific ITCZ (CEP-ITCZ) during two types of El Niño years. Two models of the heat source distribution during two types of El Niño events were constructed, and the causes of different CEP-ITCZ anomalies for two types of El Niño events were analyzed through the Gill model. The results show that the CEP-ITCZ precipitation is approximately 4.0° southward, and the intensity is enhanced by 3.6 mm/day during the mature period of Eastern Pacific El Niño (EP-El Niño), while during the mature period of Central Pacific El Niño (CP-El Niño), it is only 0.8° southward, and the intensity is enhanced by 3.2 mm/day. The meridional mode of the SST anomaly by means of EOF (Empirical Orthogonal Function) can indirectly affect the CEP-ITCZ by influencing the atmospheric Rossby wave response. In CP-El Niño years, the meridional mode of the SST anomaly is weak, and the atmospheric Rossby wave response enhances the northern and southern trade-wind zones at the same time. The anomaly of cross-equatorial flow is weak and the CEP-ITCZ moves southward a little. At the same time, the wind convergence zone is enhanced, and it is more conducive to the vertical transport of water vapor. In EP-El Niño years, the meridional mode of the SST anomaly is strong, and the atmospheric Rossby wave response strengthens the meridional wind on the northern side of the equator, leading to the southward shift of the CEP-ITCZ. At the same time, the wind convergence zone is weakened and widened, and to a certain extent, it suppresses the vertical transport increase of water vapor caused by the sea surface evaporation.

scholarly journals A study of the effects of westerly wind bursts on ENSO based on CESM

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 885-899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoxiao Tan ◽  
Youmin Tang ◽  
Tao Lian ◽  
Zhixiong Yao ◽  
Xiaojing Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Eastern Pacific ◽  
Parameterization Scheme ◽  
Westerly Wind ◽  
Central Pacific ◽  
El Niño Events ◽  
Wind Bursts ◽  
Westerly Wind Bursts ◽  
El Nino Events

AbstractNumerous works have indicated that westerly wind bursts (WWBs) have a significant contribution to the development of El Niño events. However, the simulation of WWBs commonly suffers from large biases in the current generation of coupled general circulation models (CGCMs), limiting our ability to predict El Niño events. In this study, we introduce a WWBs parameterization scheme into the global coupled Community Earth System Model (CESM) to improve the representation of WWBs and to study the impacts of WWBs on El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) characteristics. It is found that CESM with the WWBs parameterization scheme can generate more realistic characteristics of WWBs, in particular their location and seasonal variation of occurrence. With the parameterized WWBs, the skewness of the Niño 3 index is increased, in better agreement with observation. Eastern Pacific El Niño and central Pacific El Niño events could be successfully reproduced in the model run with WWBs parameterization. Further diagnoses show that the enhanced horizontal advection in the central Pacific and vertical advection in the eastern Pacific, both of which are triggered by WWBs, are crucial factors responsible for the improvements in ENSO simulation. Clearly, WWBs have important effects on ENSO asymmetry and ENSO diversity.

scholarly journals No significant difference between Australian heat wave impacts of Modoki and eastern Pacific El Niño

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (10) ◽  
pp. 5150-5157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tammas F. Loughran ◽  
Sarah E. Perkins-Kirkpatrick ◽  
Lisa V. Alexander ◽  
Andrew J. Pitman
Keyword(s):  
Heat Wave ◽  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Eastern Pacific ◽  
Eastern Pacific El Niño ◽  
Significant Difference

scholarly journals Effects of Elevated Sea Levels and Waves on Southern California Estuaries During the 2015–2016 El Niño

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 256-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madeleine E. Harvey ◽  
Sarah N. Giddings ◽  
Eric D. Stein ◽  
Jeffrey A. Crooks ◽  
Christine Whitcraft ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
El Niño ◽  
Southern California ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Sea Levels

Anomalous Upper-Ocean Circulation of the Western Equatorial Pacific following El Niño Events

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
pp. 3353-3373
Author(s):  
Yilong Lyu ◽  
Yuanlong Li ◽  
Jianing Wang ◽  
Jing Duan ◽  
Xiaohui Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
El Niño ◽  
Rossby Waves ◽  
El Nino ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Equatorial Pacific ◽  
Eastern Pacific ◽  
Western Boundary ◽  
Western Equatorial Pacific ◽  
Anomalous Circulation ◽  
El Niño Events

AbstractMooring measurements at ~140°E in the western equatorial Pacific Ocean documented greatly intensified eastward subsurface currents, which largely represent the nascent Equatorial Undercurrent, to ~67 cm s−1 in boreal summer of 2016. The eastward currents occupied the entire upper 500 m while the westward surface currents nearly disappeared. Historical in situ data observed similar variations after most El Niño events. Further analysis combining satellite and reanalysis data reveals that the eastward currents observed at ~140°E are a component of an anomalous counterclockwise circulation straddling the equator, with westward current anomalies retroflecting near the western boundary and feeding southeastward current anomalies along the New Guinea coast. A 1.5-layer reduced-gravity ocean model is able to crudely reproduce these variations, and a hierarchy of sensitivity experiments is performed to understand the underlying dynamics. The anomalous circulation is largely the delayed ocean response to equatorial wind anomalies over the central-to-eastern Pacific basin emerging in the mature stage of El Niño. Downwelling Rossby waves are generated by the reflection of equatorial Kelvin waves and easterly winds in the eastern Pacific. Upon reaching the western Pacific, the southern lobes of Rossby waves encounter the slanted New Guinea island and deflect to the equator, establishing a local sea surface height maximum and leading to the detour of westward currents flowing from the Pacific interior. Additional experiments with edited western boundary geometry confirm the importance of topography in regulating the structure of this cross-equatorial anomalous circulation.

Eastern Pacific reef fish responses to coral recovery following El Niño disturbances

2014 ◽  
Vol 495 ◽  
pp. 233-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
PW Glynn ◽  
IC Enochs ◽  
JA Afflerbach ◽  
VW Brandtneris ◽  
JE Serafy
Keyword(s):  
Reef Fish ◽  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Eastern Pacific ◽  
Coral Recovery
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