Abstract. This study presents the preliminary environmental balance of the Alta Val d'Agri (Basilicata Region, Southern Italy), an area of great naturalistic interest characterized by the presence of huge oil and gas fields. The DPSIR methodology has been used to outline the background in terms of environmental impacts mainly caused by the oil extraction activities, as well as existing potential responses. The study aims at providing stakeholders with an exhaustive framework to identify the existing data, the main sources of pollution, their potential impacts, the associated industrial risks and the existing policy strategies. Moreover, the DPSIR approach allows identifying the vulnerable areas and defining targeted actions for a sustainable development of the area.