ANALYSIS OF THE SAFETY AND HEALTH STATUS AT THE WORK OF WORKERS OF THE FOREST INDUSTRY OF UKRAINE AND MEASURES FOR ITS IMPROVEMENT

Development of scientifically sound measures for the prevention of occupational injuries based on the analysis of data on occupational injuries, including fatal in the forestry sector of Ukraine, to identify the main causes of such injuries. Based on the analysis, it was established that the level of occupational injuries in the forest industry was in one of the first places among all sectors of the economy of Ukraine. A step-by-step decision-making process was used to develop an algorithm for making managerial decisions. It was found that the accidents occurred mainly due to violations of safety requirements by employees, lack of control by officials of forest enterprises over the organization of safe work and due to violations of the technological process. The study was based on actual statistics of the State Labor Service on occupational injuries in the forestry sector. It is stated that the situation around the enterprises of the forest industry cannot be radically corrected without the introduction of an effective labor protection management system with elements of assessment and management of industrial risks. The obtained theoretical conclusions, based on statistical data on occupational injuries, have been brought to the level of specific proposals suitable for practical use in the planning of preventive measures for labor protection in the field of forestry. The necessity of actualization and improvement of normative-legal acts in the field of forestry is substantiated. The adoption of the "Minimum requirements for the safety and health of workers in forestry and greenery" is justified, which will expand the scope, namely: legal relations will be regulated by the type of work, and not just apply to economic entities who carry out certain activities; it is proposed to introduce a "labor safety coordinator".

USE OF THE BMP SYSTEM FOR BLOCKING OF DANGEROUS ENERGIES DURING REALIZATION OF WORKS FROM REPAIR AND MAINTENANCE OF TECHNIQUE

Creating healthy and safe working conditions is the main task of the employer when performing high-risk work. Practice shows that the cause of accidents during the repair and maintenance of equipment are uncoordinated and erroneous actions of staff, resulting in incorrect supply of hazardous energy to the installation where people work. In order to prevent injuries at metallurgical enterprises there is a need to revise and modernize the existing approach to control the supply of hazardous energy during repairs, improve the current labeling system of access to repairs of technological equipment based on the experience of advanced world technologies. Audit). The BMP system is used to perform maintenance and repair of equipment, as well as any other cases where personnel need to enter the danger zone, and includes not only the actual process of blocking and marking, but also all other activities: documentation, organization of storage and issuance of BMP devices, training and testing of personnel knowledge According to the analysis, the current tag system at the metallurgical enterprises of Ukraine is inferior in efficiency to the BMP system, which allows you to almost completely eliminate the risks associated with the human factor in the repair and maintenance of equipment. The foreign experience of using hazardous energy blocking and labeling systems and the existing legal framework on this issue in Ukraine are analyzed. According to the results of research, the basic principles of using the BMP system at the enterprises of the metallurgical industry are established. The sequence of BMP procedure implementation is offered. The information on the basis of which the BMP map is formed is considered in detail. An important stage in the formation of this map is the assessment of industrial risks of exposure to hazardous energies in the process of repair and maintenance of equipment. The direction of further research on the implementation of the BMP system and the legalization of the BMP standard at the state level is substantiated.

INVESTIGATION OF RISKS OF INSURANCE OF ACCIDENTS AND TRAUMATIC EVENTS USING THE COMPONENT METHOD

The article is devoted to the problem of researching the levels of risks of insurance accidents and traumatic events using the component method. The study used data from the Social Insurance Fund of Ukraine on the content of the causes of insured accidents and types of traumatic events for the period 2017-2020. The existing system of labor protection management at the state and production levels in Ukraine is not effective enough and requires the selection of objective and effective methods for determining the quantitative characteristics of industrial risk. The main requirement for the results of quantitative assessment of industrial risks is the objectivity of the information provided on emergency situations. The study of the causes of incidents and the development of recommendations for reducing occupational risks for workers were performed. To increase efficiency, it is proposed to use the component method. The essence of this method is to compare the assessment data with the determination of the risk of traumatic event on the basis of averaging the distribution of risk on the indicators of risk-relevant information. The study shows the universality of the component method of determining the levels of risk in enterprises of different industries, profile, level of automation, production volumes. The use of a component method for assessing the risk of traumatic events allows you to quantify the indicators of risk-relevant information and determine the distributed levels of industrial risks of 18 types of traumatic events. By comparing the risk distribution data obtained by the modified matrix and component method, it is shown that when the component method is used, the risk is distributed more evenly and closer to the causes of real injuries due to the leveling of such factors as subjectivity. The study of the risks of insurance accidents and traumatic events using the component method showed a different picture: an increase in the share of organizational causes and a decrease in the share of psychophysiological and technical reasons, a decrease in the share of major events in general. This is observed against the background of declining industrial production and indicates a relatively high degree of wear and tear of means of production (machines, production lines, mechanisms), weak motivation of workers for personal safety, which requires improving the legal framework for occupational safety, introduction of progressive forms of compliance standards for parameters of microclimatic conditions in the work area - automation (temperature, dust, noise, vibration, concentration of hazardous and harmful substances). This will have a positive effect on the psycho-emotional state of employees.

SCIENTIFIC GUIDELINES FOR THE PREVENTION OF OCCUPATIONAL INJURIES CAUSED BY WORKERS STAYING AT THE WORKPLACE IN A STATE OF ALCOHOLIC DRINKING

Development of scientifically based measures for the prevention of occupational injuries due to alcohol intoxication of workers are based on modeling of the labor protection system. In order to develop effective preventive measures to prevent accidents at work, the mathematical model of the labor protection system (OS) was built, which takes into account many indicators that assess violations of labor and industrial discipline related to alcohol consumption. The study was based on actual statistics on occupational injuries. The application of the method of mathematical modeling on the basis of injury indicators is justified, as the proposed approach allows to ensure the targeting of preventive measures, the complexity and alternative solutions to problems, the objectivity of management decisions. The proposed scientific approaches to the development of preventive measures for labor protection allow to increase the level of industrial safety, optimize the size of penalties for violations of labor and industrial discipline, regulate relations arising in the course of work related to alcohol consumption in the workplace. Limitations / implications of research. The developed scientific approaches to the prevention of occupational injuries due to alcohol intoxication of workers are universal, they can be applied to different sectors of the economy. Practical consequences. The obtained theoretical conclusions, based on statistical data on occupational injuries, are brought to the level of specific proposals suitable for practical use in the planning of preventive measures for labor protection at enterprises. The presented scientific approaches to solving management problems in labor protection are based on a component method of assessing the occurrence of traumatic events due to violations of labor and production discipline by both employees and employers. For a comprehensive analysis of industrial risks, the main and concomitant causes that led to accidents due to alcohol intoxication of workers were taken into account. This allowed to provide a systematic approach to the assessment of production conditions and behavioral reactions of staff.

APPROACH TO THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE TOPOGRAPHICAL METHOD OF ANALYZING WORKING CONDITIONS THROUGH THE DETERMINATION OF PATTERNS OF REDUCING THE LEVEL OF INDUSTRIAL RISKS

Problem statement. In Ukraine there is an increasing awareness that accidents and various diseases associated with professional activity have a detrimental effect not only on the lives of individual workers, their families, but also on the socio-economic well-being of society as a whole. A methodical approach to the use of risS.k-oriented approach to the implementation of topographical method of occupational traumatism forecasting in modern conditions, the basis of which is an assessment of occupational risks for the occupational health and safety management system and the Schuchart-Deming cycle of continuous improvement, is considered. Weber-Fechner and S. Stevens laws were taken as the basis for calculation of occupational and industrial risks depending on the parameters of the working zone, taking into account the time of workers' stay in the zone of hazardous factors. An algorithm for converting environmental parameters into an index of occupational risk was developed. There was performed an analysis of the map of working conditions by the results of the certification of some working places of the regional branch "Osnova Locomotive Depot" of the JSC "Ukrainian railroads" regarding the probability of the hazardous factor action, and the probability of a worker being in the zone of its action. At that, it was necessarily taken into account that action of harmful and hazardous industrial factors is not limited to the working area, but spreads in space in accordance with the established laws. Such approach allows to estimate mutual reinforcement of harmful and hazardous factors effect in space and to determine the most hazardous zones in the workshop premises. Purpose is to substantiate the application of risk-oriented approach to topographical method of industrial injuries prediction. Conclusions. The results obtained testify to the mutual increase in the harmful effects of the factors of the working environment and the working process on the workers of the diesel and welding departments. Application of the proposed approach makes it possible to estimate the values of potential industrial risk at any number of harmful and hazardous factors at workplaces, taking into account their mutual influence, to determine the zones with the largest levels of industrial risk between workplaces and at any distance from them to determine the optimal and safest routes of workers' movement through the shop territory.

Conditions and Constrains for Reflexive Governance of Industrial Risks: The Case of the South Durban Industrial Basin, South Africa

Within sustainability development paradigms, state governance is considered important in interventions to address risks produced by the industrial society. However, there is largely a lack of understanding, especially in the Global South, about the nature and workings of the governance institutions necessary to tackle risks effectively. Reflexive governance, as a new mode of governance, has been developed as a way to be more inclusive and more reflexive and respond to complex risks. Conversely, there is limited scholarly work that has examined the theoretical and empirical foundations of this governance approach, especially how it may unfold in the Global South. This paper explores the conditions and constrains for reflexive governance in a particular case: that of the South Durban Industrial Basin. South Durban is one of the most polluted regions in southern Africa and has been the most active industrial site of contention between local residents and industry and government during apartheid and into the new democracy. Empirical analysis found a number of constrains involved in enabling reflexive governance. It also found that a close alliance between government and industry to promote economic development has overshadowed social and environmental protection. Reflexive governance practitioners need to be cognisant of its applicability across diverse geographic settings and beyond western notions of reflexive governance.

To the issue of introducing a risk-oriented approach in the field of labor protection in the legislation of Ukraine

The article is devoted to the analysis of the state of introducing a risk-oriented approach in the field of labor protection at the legislative level in Ukraine. It has been found that the main reason for the high level of production injuries and occupational diseases is bases the existing normative acts on labor protection on the «jet principle». The importance of introducing a risk-oriented approach to the organization of labor protection in Ukraine is emphasized as an objective need to withstand labor protection in our country for a qualitatively new level, and the need to comply with international standards in the field of security and health of employees. As a result of the analysis of prospective legislation on occupational safety, in particular the draft Law of Ukraine «On Safety and Health of Workers at Work», concludes on the election of the correct vector of renewal of labor protection legislation in terms of introducing a risk-oriented approach in the field of occupational safety. The draft Law of Ukraine «On Security and Health of Workers at Work» in general meets international standards in the field of occupational safety and allows to solve the main problems in terms of motivation of employers and employees to comply with the legislation on labor protection. This may contribute to the draft laws: about improvement of the settlement of employers' responsibility for violating the requirements of labor protection legislation; About the size and ways of forming the amount of financing of labor protection due to a preliminary assessment and analysis of industrial risks. An analyzed draft law in case of its adoption can reduce bureaucratic pressure on employers and give it a larger freedom to organize the protection of labor at the level of an entity, promptly responding to changes in production processes and economic conditions. Keywords: labor safety and health of the workers, legislation, bill, labor protection, production risk, system of labor protection

ANALYSIS OF PRODUCTION RISK ON EXAMPLES OF MINERS ‘LABOR

Objective: Based on the review of the array of publications to analyze the methods and models of general risk assessment, the nature of industrial risks and management processes on the examples of labor of coal miners. Propose a classification of mathematical models of industrial risk and identify the most appropriate model for the work of miners in the stochastic system “man-machine-environment”. Methodology: Applied to the use of situational analysis, qualimetry, probability theory and risk theory, methods of classification of occupational risks. Results: Based on a systematic analysis of multifactorial risks of emergency situations, the essence of industrial risks and management processes on the examples of coal miners, the dominant causes of industrial risk in the ergatic system (“man – machine – environment”), models and methods of risk research. Scientific novelty: For the first time on the basis of the analysis of the reasons, dynamics and consequences of industrial risks the classification of mathematical models of risks which are adapted to ergatic systems of mine production is offered. Practical value: The need for adequate practical application of risk methods and models for the assessment and measurement of industrial hazards has been proven.