B-PO04-190 A NOVEL VISUAL DIAGNOSTIC ASSESSMENT OF EXPERT AND NOVICE GAZE PATTERNS ON PEDIATRIC ELECTROCARDIOGRAMS USING EYE TRACKING TECHNOLOGY

The paper addresses cognitive processes during a teacher's professional task of assessing learning-relevant student characteristics. We explore how eye-movement patterns (scanpaths) differ across expert and novice teachers during an assessment situation. In an eye-tracking experiment, participants watched an authentic video of a classroom lesson and were subsequently asked to assess five different students. Instead of using typically reported averaged gaze data (e.g., number of fixations), we used gaze patterns as an indicator for visual behavior. We extracted scanpath patterns, compared them qualitatively (common sub-pattern) and quantitatively (scanpath entropy) between experts and novices, and related teachers' visual behavior to their assessment competence. Results show that teachers' scanpaths were idiosyncratic and more similar to teachers of the same expertise group. Moreover, experts monitored all target students more regularly and made recurring scans to re-adjust their assessment. Lastly, this behavior was quantified using Shannon's entropy score. Results indicate that experts' scanpaths were more complex, involved more frequent revisits of all students, and that experts transferred their attention between all students with equal probability. Experts' visual behavior was also statistically related to higher judgment accuracy.

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The Utility of Mobile Eye Tracking Technology in the Forensic Analysis of Personal Injury

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting ◽

10.1177/1541931213601110 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 60 (1) ◽

pp. 485-488 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Stephanie A. Whetsel Borzendowski ◽

Alan O. Campbell

Keyword(s):

Eye Tracking ◽

Human Locomotion ◽

Forensic Analysis ◽

Personal Injury ◽

Eye Tracker ◽

Final Destination ◽

Expert Opinions ◽

Gaze Patterns ◽

Civil Suit ◽

Tracking Technology

Early research on gaze patterns during human locomotion indicated that pedestrians tend to focus their gaze on the path 2 – 3 m ahead. More recent research in this area has utilized eye tracking technology to empirically assess eye movements during navigation in naturalistic environments. A similar approach to understanding personal injuries resulting in civil lawsuits has potential utility in the field of forensic human factors. The present study was conducted in the context of gathering empirical data to support expert opinions in a premises liability civil suit. Using a mobile head-mounted eye tracker, the gaze patterns of five individuals was assessed as they walked two paths covering the area where the plaintiff in the subject suit was injured. The results of this analysis indicated that, consistent with previous research, participants fixated the path ahead. Additionally, the duration of fixations on their final destination tended to be longer than fixations on other objects or areas in the forward view. The present study demonstrates the utility of empirical analysis of conditions surrounding a personal injury using eye tracking technology.

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Eye-Tracking Technology in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery: A Systematic Review

Aesthetic Surgery Journal ◽

10.1093/asj/sjz328 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 40 (9) ◽

pp. 1022-1034

Author(s):

Malke Asaad ◽

Jacob K Dey ◽

Ahmad Al-Mouakeh ◽

Mohamad Baraa Manjouna ◽

Mohammad A Nashed ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Eye Tracking ◽

Reconstructive Surgery ◽

Cleft Lip ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Objective Assessment ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Plastic And Reconstructive Surgery ◽

Gaze Patterns ◽

Tracking Technology

Abstract Background The use of eye-tracking technology in plastic surgery has gained popularity over the past decade due to its ability to assess observers’ visual preferences in an objective manner. Objectives The goal of this study was to provide a comprehensive review of eye-tracking studies in plastic and reconstructive surgery, which can aid in the design and conduct of high-quality eye-tracking studies. Methods Through application of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, a comprehensive search of articles published on eye-tracking across several databases was conducted from January 1946 to January 2019. Inclusion criteria included studies evaluating the use of eye-tracking technology in the field of plastic and reconstructive surgery. The resulting publications were screened by 2 independent reviewers. Results A total of 595 articles were identified, 23 of which met our inclusion criteria. The most common application of eye-tracking was to assess individuals with cleft lip/palate (9 studies). All 19 studies that evaluated fixation patterns among conditions vs controls reported significant differences between the 2 groups. Five out of 7 studies assessing visual data between preoperative and postoperative patients identified significant differences between the preoperative and postoperative groups, whereas 2 studies did not. Nine studies examined the relation between severity indices, attractiveness scores, or personality ratings and gaze patterns. Correlation was found in 7 out of the 9 studies. Conclusions This systematic review demonstrates the utility of eye-tracking technology as a quantifiable objective assessment and emerging research tool for evaluating outcomes in several domains of plastic and reconstructive surgery.

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1190 EYE-TRACKING TECHNOLOGY DIFFERENTIATES VISUAL GAZE PATTERNS BETWEEN TRAINEE ENDOSCOPISTS ACCORDING TO A VALIDATED OBJECTIVE SKILLS ASSESSMENT SCALE

Gastrointestinal Endoscopy ◽

10.1016/j.gie.2020.03.905 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 91 (6) ◽

pp. AB113-AB114

Author(s):

Urvi Karamchandani ◽

Simon Erridge ◽

Keane Evans-Harvey ◽

Ara Darzi ◽

Jonathan Hoare ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Eye Tracking ◽

Assessment Scale ◽

Skills Assessment ◽

Gaze Patterns ◽

Visual Gaze ◽

Objective Skills Assessment ◽

Tracking Technology

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How to Build a Low-Cost Eye-Tracking System

Ergonomics in Design The Quarterly of Human Factors Applications ◽

10.1177/1064804611428928 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 18-23

Author(s):

Davin Pavlas ◽

Heather Lum ◽

Eduardo Salas

Keyword(s):

Data Analysis ◽

Eye Movements ◽

Eye Tracking ◽

Scientific Community ◽

Tracking System ◽

Low Cost ◽

Gaze Patterns ◽

Tracking Technology

Eye tracking, previously the purview of well-funded laboratories, is now available to any individual who wishes to study gaze patterns. Advances in eye-tracking technology have made it possible for those with meager budgets but an abundance of motivation to engage in studies that examine participants’ eye movements and fixations. This article presents a how-to guide for creating low-cost eye-tracking solutions and includes discussion of optical hardware, tracking software, and data analysis programs. The wider availability of eye-tracking technology ensures that the broader scientific community has access to techniques that can inform design and enhance research.

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