Leaching of waste battery paste components. Part 2: Leaching and desulphurisation of PbSO4 by citric acid and sodium citrate solution

2009 ◽  
Vol 95 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 82-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.S. Sonmez ◽  
R.V. Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Sodium Citrate ◽  
Citrate Solution

scholarly journals PbSO4 Leaching in Citric Acid/Sodium Citrate Solution and Subsequent Yielding Lead Citrate via Controlled Crystallization

Minerals ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongsheng He ◽  
Cong Yang ◽  
Yuyuan Wu ◽  
Xing Liu ◽  
Weimin Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Sodium Citrate ◽  
Lead Citrate ◽  
Citrate Solution ◽  
Controlled Crystallization

Autoprothrombin C Activity from Prothrombin with Snake Venom or Trypsin

1962 ◽  
Vol 08 (03) ◽  
pp. 425-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Marciniak ◽  
Edmond R Cole ◽  
Walter H Seegers
Keyword(s):  
Snake Venom ◽  
Thrombolytic Agent ◽  
Sodium Citrate ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
High Specific Activity ◽  
Citrate Solution ◽  
Clotting Factors ◽  
Activation Products ◽  
Russell’S Viper ◽  
Autoprothrombin C

SummarySuitable conditions were found for the generation of autoprothrombin C from purified prothrombin with the use of Russell’s viper venom or trypsin. DEAE chromatographed prothrombin is structurally altered and has never been found to yield autoprothrombin C and also did not yield it when Russell’s viper venom or trypsin were used. Autoprothrombin C is derived from prothrombin with tissue extract thromboplastin, but not in large amounts with the intrinsic clotting factors. With the latter thrombin and autoprothrombin III are the chief activation products. Autoprothrombin III concentrates were prepared from serum and upon activation with 25% sodium citrate solution or with Russell’s viper venom large amounts of autoprothrombin C were obtained, and this was of high specific activity. Theoretically trypsin is not a thrombolytic agent, but on the contrary should lead to intravascular clotting.

scholarly journals Influence of concentration, time and method of application of citric acid and sodium citrate in root conditioning

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 376-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Cavassim ◽  
Fábio Renato Manzolli Leite ◽  
Daniela Leal Zandim ◽  
Andrea Abi Rached Dantas ◽  
Ricardo Samih Georges Abi Rached ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Sodium Citrate ◽  
Concentration Time

scholarly journals Intranasal sodium citrate solution improves olfaction in post-viral hyposmia

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 368-374
Author(s):  
K.L. Whitcroft ◽  
C. Merkonidis ◽  
M. Cuevas ◽  
A. Haehner ◽  
C. Philpott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Citrate ◽  
Feedback Inhibition ◽  
Olfactory Function ◽  
Placebo Control ◽  
Free Calcium ◽  
Citrate Solution ◽  
Trial Methodology ◽  
Olfactory Cleft ◽  
Olfactory Testing ◽  
Before And After

Background: Calcium plays an integral role in olfactory signal transduction, including feedback inhibition. Sodium citrate acts as a calcium sequestrant and when applied intranasally, reduces free calcium available for feedback inhibition, which should theoretically improve olfaction. We aimed to investigate the utility of intranasal sodium citrate in improving the olfactory function of hyposmic patients, by performing this prospective placebo controlled, single-blind trial. Methodology: Monorhinal olfactory testing for odour identification and threshold was performed in hyposmic patients using Sniffin Sticks, before and after treatment. Treatment consisted of one-off sodium citrate solution application to the olfactory cleft. Sodium chloride solution was applied to the contralateral olfactory cleft, which therefore acted as placebo control. Patients were blinded to the side of sodium citrate application, and side of treatment was randomized between patients. Results: 57 patients participated, aged 22-79. Causes of hyposmia included: post-viral (7); posttraumatic (10); sinonasal disease (30) and idiopathic (10). Compared with placebo, there was significant improvement in the identification scores of participants with post-viral hyposmia, following sodium citrate treatment. No significant change in olfactory function occurred for either identification or threshold in any other aetiological subgroup. Conclusions: Intranasal sodium citrate may be of benefit to patients with post-viral hyposmia.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Interlayer Materials in Non-Allophanic Volcanic Ash and Red Yellow Soils from Japan

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Anabella Tulin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxides ◽  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Sodium Citrate ◽  
Citrate Solution ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Chemical Extractions ◽  
Oxalate Solution

The characteristics and properties of interlayer materials from 10 non-allophanic (Melanudand) and red yellow soils (Alfisols and Ultisols) from three locations in Japan were studied by chemical extractions and x-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. Allophane was dissolved from clay samples using 0.15 M acid oxalate solution while silicon and aluminum were dissolved using both 0.15 M acid oxalate and 0.3 M sodium citrate solutions. XRD analyses were done for the treated and untreated samples. For the chemically extracted samples, the clay samples were treated with bicarbonate citrate solution for the removal of iron oxides after the dissolution treatments then saturated with K and Mg ions for XRD analyses. Results of the XRD patternd of the untreated and treated samples indicated the interlayer materials as a hydroxy-interlayered form for vermiculite (HIV). Between the two dissolution treatments, the 0.3 M sodium citrate treatment was found to be more effective in removing the interlayer materials than the 0.15 M acid oxalate treatment by allowing interlayer expansion and collapse.

scholarly journals The Use of Citric Acid and Sodium Citrate in Buttermaking

1935 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh L. Templeton ◽  
H.H. Sommer
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Sodium Citrate

Conversion of Prothrombin to Autoprothrombin II (Platelet Cofactor II) and Its Relation to the Blood Clotting Mechanisms

1956 ◽  
Vol 184 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter H. Seegers ◽  
Shirley A. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Clotting ◽  
Sodium Citrate ◽  
Hemophilia A ◽  
The Other ◽  
Citrate Solution ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Platelet Factor ◽  
Healthy Persons

Under certain restricted conditions purified thrombin can be added to purified prothrombin and the latter transforms to a derivative called autoprothrombin II. Except in 25% sodium citrate solution, it has not been converted to thrombin. It functions as a cofactor with purified platelet factor 3 in the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin. Serum from healthy persons and in hemophilia A contains autoprothrombin II activity that can be adsorbed on BaCO3. Autoprothrombin II, prepared in the laboratory, can be added to the two types of adsorbed serum and the autoprothrombin II activity is restored to the serum. Serum from PTA patient, and a patient receiving dicumarol was found to contain very little autoprothrombin II activity. By adding an appropriate quantity of autoprothrombin II, prepared in the laboratory, the autoprothrombin II activity of the PTC serum was not completely restored whereas it was with the other two serum samples.

AUTOPROTHROMBIN C: A SECOND ENZYME FROM PROTHROMBIN

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 597-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Marciniak ◽  
Walter H. Seegers
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Ions ◽  
Esterase Activity ◽  
Sodium Citrate ◽  
Citrate Solution ◽  
Tissue Extracts ◽  
End Products ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
Autoprothrombin C ◽  
Prothrombin Activation ◽  
Rapid Conversion

In addition to thrombin, there is another derivative of prothrombin which is an end product of prothrombin activation. It is an accelerator of prothrombin activation, and is called autoprothrombin C. The activity develops from purified bovine prothrombin in 25% sodium citrate solution simultaneously with thrombin. It has been separated from thrombin by chromatography on Amberlite IRC-50 under the conditions previously used for the isolation of thrombin. The fraction which separates from thrombin has esterase activity and very likely this esterase activity is associated with the autoprothrombin C molecule. Since the autoprothrombin C and the thrombin are both derived from prothrombin, at least two enzymes are the end products of prothrombin activation. Autoprothrombin C catalyzed the activation of purified prothrombin in 25% sodium citrate solution, and this function was easily inhibited with p-toluenesulphonyl-L-arginine methyl ester. Autoprothrombin C preparations were mixed with platelets, Ac-globulin, and calcium ions to obtain rapid conversion of purified prothrombin to thrombin. This activation mixture did not generate autoprothrombin C and some unspecified substance most likely needs to be added in order to obtain the autoprothrombin C activity. The activity developed together with thrombin when tissue extracts, Ac-globulin, and calcium ions were used for the activation of prothrombin. Autoprothrombin C is relatively stable over the pH range 5.5 to 8.5. It is stable up to 56 °C for 30 minutes. Plasma contains a substance that inactivates autoprothrombin C.

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