Progressive stiffening and relatively slow growth of the dilated ascending aorta in long-term Fontan survivors―Serial assessment for 15 years

Abstract. Atmospheric CO2 partial pressure (pCO2) is expected to increase to 700 μatm or more by the end of the present century. Anthropogenic CO2 is absorbed by the oceans, leading to decreases in pH and the CaCO3 saturation state (Ω) of the seawater. Elevated pCO2 was shown to drastically decrease calcification rates in tropical zooxanthellate corals. Here we show, using the Mediterranean zooxanthellate coral Cladocora caespitosa, that an increase in pCO2, in the range predicted for 2100, does not reduce its calcification rate. Therefore, the conventional belief that calcification rates will be affected by ocean acidification may not be widespread in temperate corals. Seasonal change in temperature is the predominant factor controlling photosynthesis, respiration, calcification and symbiont density. An increase in pCO2, alone or in combination with elevated temperature, had no significant effect on photosynthesis, photosynthetic efficiency and calcification. The lack of sensitivity C. caespitosa to elevated pCO2 might be due to its slow growth rates, which seem to be more dependent on temperature than on the saturation state of calcium carbonate in the range projected for the end of the century.

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INVEST ASI, EKSPOR DAN MASALAH DE-INDUSTRIALISASI DI INDONESIA

Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan Kajian Masalah Ekonomi dan Pembangunan ◽

10.23917/jep.v5i2.4040 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 179

Author(s):

Anton Agus Setyawan ◽

Fatchurrohman Fatchurrohman

Keyword(s):

Direct Investment ◽

Econometric Model ◽

Slow Growth ◽

Policy Implications ◽

Economic Recovery ◽

Investment Climate ◽

Short Term ◽

Investment Rate ◽

The Ideal

There are two constraints in the process of economic recovery in Indonesia. First, investment rate is decreasing in the last five years. This matter happens due to the bad investment climate in Indonesia. Second, slow growth of export rate in Indonesia. At the present, investment rate in Indonesia is only 22 percent of GDP, while the ideal rate is 30 percent of GDP. Another problem, which may be interrupting the economic recovery, is de-industrialization. The sign of de-industrialization occur by relocation phenomena of FDIfrom Indonesia. This research analyze the effects of direct investment and export to GDP. The tool of analyses of this research is econometric model known as Error Correction Models. The results shows that in a long term and short term, export and direct investment do not have a significant effect to GDP. It shows that Indonesia do not have a clear policy about export and investment. The policy implications of this research are government should have a deregulation policy in the industry and recover investment climate.

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Combined Replacement of Aortic Valve and Ascending Aorta—A 70-Year Evolution of Surgical Techniques

Aorta ◽

10.1055/s-0041-1729913 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Igor Vendramin ◽

Uberto Bortolotti ◽

Davide Nunzio De Manna ◽

Andrea Lechiancole ◽

Sandro Sponga ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aortic Valve ◽

Elderly Patients ◽

Aortic Valve Disease ◽

Surgical Techniques ◽

Ascending Aorta ◽

Valve Disease ◽

Long Term Results ◽

The Past ◽

Technical Advances

AbstractSimultaneous replacement of the ascending aorta and aortic valve has always been a challenging procedure. Introduction of composite conduits, through various ingenious procedures and their modifications, has changed the outlook of patients with aortic valve disease and ascending aorta pathology. In the past 70 years, progress of surgical techniques and prosthetic materials has allowed such patients to undergo radical procedures providing excellent early and long-term results in both young and elderly patients. This article aims to review the most important technical advances in the treatment of aortic valve disease and ascending aorta aneurysms recognizing the important contributions in this field.

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Efficient long-term conservation of Taraxacum pieninicum synthetic seeds in slow growth conditions

Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC) ◽

10.1007/s11240-017-1343-z ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 132 (3) ◽

pp. 469-478 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Monika Kamińska ◽

Marcin Gołębiewski ◽

Andrzej Tretyn ◽

Alina Trejgell

Keyword(s):

Slow Growth ◽

Growth Conditions ◽

Synthetic Seeds ◽

Taraxacum Pieninicum

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Early and Long-Term Results of a Valve-Sparing Operation for Marfan Syndrome

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.100.suppl_2.ii-29 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 100 (suppl_2) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Emma J. Birks ◽

Carole Webb ◽

Anne Child ◽

Rosemary Radley-Smith ◽

Magdi H. Yacoub

Keyword(s):

Infective Endocarditis ◽

Marfan Syndrome ◽

Ascending Aorta ◽

Long Term Results ◽

Thromboembolic Complications ◽

Actuarial Survival ◽

Acute Dissection ◽

Valve Sparing

Background —We have previously described the experience, rationale, and development of a valve preserving technique, but its role in patients with Marfan syndrome has not previously been defined. Here, we attempt to determine the early and long-term results, timing, and determinants of outcome of this operation in patients with Marfan syndrome. Methods and Results —Since 1979, 82 patients (73.2% of all patients with Marfan syndrome undergoing resection of aneurysm of the ascending aorta) were operated on using this technique. Ages ranged from 2 to 69 years (mean, 33.9 years). In all, there were 4 early deaths (4.9%), 2 with acute dissection and 2 with chronic aneurysm operated on as emergencies. There were no early deaths in 67 patients operated on electively. Actuarial survival for patients operated for chronic aneurysm was 94.2%, 94.2%, and 94.2% at 1, 5, and 10 years, respectively; that for acute dissection was 72.7%, 63.6%, and 63.6%; and that for chronic dissection was 100%, 85.7%, and 75.0%. The probability of needing reoperation was 5.7%, 17.3%, and 17.3% at 1, 5, and 10 years. There were no instances of infective endocarditis or thromboembolic complications except in 2 patients operated on early in the series who had cusp extension. At the end of the follow-up, trivial or no aortic regurgitation was demonstrated in 33.3%, mild in 45.6%, moderate in 21.1%, and severe in 0. Conclusions —Valve-sparing operations are feasible in most patients with Marfan syndrome; they are applicable to patients with both dissection and chronic aneurysm. The early and long-term results are encouraging. Results are better in the absence of dissection, and prophylactic operation is warranted in some cases.

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Characteristics and long-term outcomes of aortico-left ventricular tunnel

Interactive Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery ◽

10.1093/icvts/ivaa241 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jing Sun ◽

Hongxia Qi ◽

Hongyuan Lin ◽

Wenying Kang ◽

Shoujun Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aortic Valve ◽

Valve Replacement ◽

Surgical Repair ◽

Mechanical Valve ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Ascending Aorta ◽

Aortic Orifice ◽

The Right

Abstract OBJECTIVES Aortico-left ventricular tunnel (ALVT) is an extremely rare, abnormal paravalvular communication between the aorta and the left ventricle. Few studies have identified the characteristics and long-term prognosis associated with ALVT. METHODS The data of 31 patients with ALVT from July 2002 to December 2019 were reviewed. Echocardiography was performed in all patients during the follow-up period. RESULTS The median age of the patients was 11.5 years. Bicuspid aortic valve and dilatation of the ascending aorta were found in 13 patients, respectively. The aortic orifice in 20 patients showed a close relation to the right sinus and the right–left commissure. Of the 31 patients, 26 were operated on. Mechanical valve replacement was performed in 4 patients and aortic valve repair, in 6 patients. Ascending aortoplasty was performed in 5 patients and aortic replacement was done in 2 patients. One patient died of ventricular fibrillation before the operation. Follow-up of the remaining 30 patients ranged from 1 to 210 months (median 64 months). There were 4 deaths during the follow-up period: 1 had mechanical valve replacement and 3 did not undergo surgical repair. In the 26 patients without aortic valve replacement, 6 had severe regurgitation and 2 had moderate regurgitation. In the 28 patients without replacement of the ascending aorta, 11 had continued dilatation of the ascending aorta, including those who had aortoplasty. CONCLUSIONS The aortic orifice of ALVT showed an association with the right sinus and the right–left commissure. For patients who did not have surgery, the long-term survival rate remained terrible. Surgical closure should be done as soon as possible after ALVT is diagnosed. The main long-term complications after surgical repair included aortic regurgitation and ascending aortic dilatation.

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Ross Procedure: How to Do It and How to Teach It

World Journal for Pediatric and Congenital Heart Surgery ◽

10.1177/2150135119852324 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 624-627

Author(s):

Jeremy L. Herrmann ◽

Amanda R. Stram ◽

John W. Brown

Keyword(s):

Aortic Valve ◽

Aortic Stenosis ◽

Aortic Valve Replacement ◽

Valve Replacement ◽

Prosthetic Valve ◽

Pulmonary Valve ◽

Prosthetic Graft ◽

Ascending Aorta ◽

Ross Procedure

Prosthesis choice for aortic valve replacement (AVR) in children is frequently compromised by unavailability of prostheses in very small sizes, the lack of prosthetic valve growth, and risks associated with long-term anticoagulation. The Ross procedure with pulmonary valve autograft offers several advantages for pediatric and adult patients. We describe our current Ross AVR technique including replacement of the ascending aorta with a prosthetic graft. The procedure shown in the video involves an adult-sized male with a bicuspid aortic valve, mixed aortic stenosis and insufficiency, and a dilated ascending aorta.

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Long-term conservation of potato genetic resources: Methods and status of conservation

Australian Journal of Crop Science ◽

10.21475/ajcs.19.13.05.p1400 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 717-725

Author(s):

Jane Muthoni ◽

Hussein Shimelis ◽

Rob Melis

Keyword(s):

Genetic Resources ◽

Slow Growth ◽

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Growth Media ◽

Medium Term ◽

Natural Habitats

Plant genetic resources (PGRs) play an important role in agriculture, environment protection, cultural property and trade; they need to be conserved. There are two fundamental approaches for the conservation of PGRs: in situ and ex situ. In situ conservation is the conservation of ecosystems and natural habitats and the maintenance and recovery of viable populations of species in their natural surroundings. Ex situ preservation is the storage of seeds or plant materials under artificial conditions to maintain their long term viability and availability for use. Genebanks employ seed storage, field collections of living plants and in vitro storage (tissue culture or cryopreservation) for ex situ preservation of PGR. Storage of orthodox seeds, which are tolerant to low moisture content and low temperatures at appropriate temperature and humidity, is the most convenient ex situ conservation method. Plants that produce recalcitrant seeds or non-viable seeds are conserved in field genebanks as well as in-vitro in slow growth media for short-to-medium term and cryopreservation in liquid nitrogen at -1960C for long-term periods. Cryopreservation is very expensive and needs trained personnel; this could explain why this method is rarely used for conservation of plant genetic resources in most developing countries. Potato tubers are bulky and highly perishable; the crop is generally conserved as clones either in field genebanks (with annual replanting), in-vitro conservation in slow growth media for short-to-medium term and cryopreservation for long term. Field genebanks are expensive to maintain and the crop is exposed to many dangers; hence, cryopreservation is the only feasible method for long term conservation. However, given the high cost of cryopreservation, long-term conservation of potato genetic resources is poorly developed in most resource-poor countries leading to high rates of genetic erosion. This paper looks into the various methods that that can be applied to conserve potato genetic resources and the status of conservation of potatoes in major genebanks and some countries.

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