Salt precipitation during CO2 storage in deep saline aquifers can have severe consequences on injectivity during carbon storage. Extensive studies have been carried out on CO2 solubility with individual or mixed salt solutions; however, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, there is no substantial study to consider pressure decay rate as a function of CO2 solubility in brine, and the range of brine concentration for effective CO2 storage. This study presents an experimental core flooding of the Bentheimer sandstone sample under simulated reservoir conditions to examine the effect of four different types of brine at a various ranges of salt concentration (5 to 25 wt.%) on CO2 storage. Results indicate that porosity and permeability reduction, as well as salt precipitation, is higher in divalent brines. It is also found that, at 10 to 20 wt.% brine concentrations in both monovalent and divalent brines, a substantial volume of CO2 is sequestered, which indicates the optimum concentration ranges for storage purposes. Hence, the magnitude of CO2 injectivity impairment depends on both the concentration and type of salt species. The findings from this study are directly relevant to CO2 sequestration in deep saline aquifers as well as screening criteria for carbon storage with enhanced gas and oil recovery processes.
Well injectivity during CO2 storage operations in deep saline aquifers—Part 1: Experimental investigation of drying effects, salt precipitation and capillary forces
