The influence of carbon based supports and the role of synthesis procedures on the formation of platinum and platinum-ruthenium clusters and nanoparticles for the development of highly active fuel cell catalysts

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (12) ◽  
pp. 9459-9469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi-Ling Naidoo ◽  
Sivapregasen Naidoo ◽  
Leslie Petrik ◽  
Alexander Nechaev ◽  
Patrick Ndungu
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Ruthenium Clusters ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Fuel Cell Catalysts ◽  
Carbon Based

scholarly journals Tunable synthetic approaches for the optimization of nanostructured fuel cell catalysts: An overview

2004 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 271-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Bönnemann ◽  
K.S. Nagabhushana
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Catalytic Properties ◽  
Metal Catalysts ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Fuel Cell Catalysts ◽  
Metal Composition ◽  
Synthetic Methodologies ◽  
Synthetic Approaches ◽  
Nanostructured Metal

Highly active nanostructured pluri-metal catalysts for fuel cell applications can be obtained by designing synthetic protocol where the particle size, metal composition and morphology can be readily tailored. Tunable synthesis relates to combining the various synthetic methodologies available for generating nanostructured metal catalysts with desired catalytic properties. Herein, we discuss some of these synthetic methodologies which were developed to combine the advantages of each pathway in generating efficient fuel cell catalysts and to learn how the composition and morphology of the metals be fine tuned.

scholarly journals Advancements in rationally designed PGM-free fuel cell catalysts derived from metal–organic frameworks

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather M. Barkholtz ◽  
Di-Jia Liu
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Oxygen Reduction Reaction ◽  
Oxygen Reduction ◽  
Metal Organic Frameworks ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Fuel Cell Catalysts ◽  
Metal Organic

A comprehensive review revealed metal–organic frameworks as promising precursors for preparing highly active PGM-free electro-catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction.

scholarly journals Characterization of swelling behavior of carbon nano-filler modified polydimethylsiloxane composites

2021 ◽  
pp. 009524432110061
Author(s):  
Bo Yang ◽  
Balakrishnan Nagarajan ◽  
Pierre Mertiny
Keyword(s):  
Digital Image Analysis ◽  
Swelling Behavior ◽  
Optical Measurements ◽  
Natural Phenomenon ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Dimensional Changes ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
Carbon Based

Polymers may absorb fluids from their surroundings via the natural phenomenon of swelling. Dimensional changes due to swelling can affect the function of polymer components, such as in the case of seals, microfluidic components and electromechanical sensors. An understanding of the swelling behavior of polymers and means for controlling it can improve the design of polymer components, for example, for the previously mentioned applications. Carbon-based fillers have risen in popularity to be used for the property enhancement of resulting polymer composites. The present investigation focuses on the effects of three carbon-based nano-fillers (graphene nano-platelets, carbon black, and graphene nano-scrolls) on the dimensional changes of polydimethylsiloxane composites due to swelling when immersed in certain organic solvents. For this study, a facile and expedient methodology comprised of optical measurements in conjunction with digital image analysis was developed as the primary experimental technique to quantify swelling dimensional changes of the prepared composites. Other experimental techniques assessed polymer cross-linking densities and elastic mechanical properties of the various materials. The study revealed that the addition of certain carbon-based nano-fillers increased the overall swelling of the composites. The extent of swelling further depended on the organic solvent in which the composites were immersed in. Experimental findings are contrasted with published models for swelling prediction, and the role of filler morphology on swelling behavior is discussed.

The role of ion exchange membrane in vanadium oxygen fuel cell

2021 ◽  
Vol 629 ◽  
pp. 119271
Author(s):  
Jiří Charvát ◽  
Petr Mazúr ◽  
Martin Paidar ◽  
Jaromír Pocedič ◽  
Jiří Vrána ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Ion Exchange Membrane ◽  
Exchange Membrane ◽  
Oxygen Fuel

scholarly journals The role of JrPPOs in the browning of walnut explants

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shugang Zhao ◽  
Hongxia Wang ◽  
Kai Liu ◽  
Linqing Li ◽  
Jinbing Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Survival Percentage ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Young Leaves

Abstract Background Tissue culture is an effective method for the rapid breeding of seedlings and improving production efficiency, but explant browning is a key limiting factor of walnut tissue culture. Specifically, the polymerization of PPO-derived quinones that cause explant browning of walnut is not well understood. This study investigated explants of ‘Zanmei’ walnut shoot apices cultured in agar (A) or vermiculite (V) media, and the survival percentage, changes in phenolic content, POD and PPO activity, and JrPPO expression in explants were studied to determine the role of PPO in the browning of walnut explants. Results The results showed that the V media greatly reduced the death rate of explants, and 89.9 and 38.7% of the explants cultured in V media and A media survived, respectively. Compared with that of explants at 0 h, the PPO of explants cultured in A was highly active throughout the culture, but activity in those cultured in V remained low. The phenolic level of explants cultured in A increased significantly at 72 h but subsequently declined, and the content in the explants cultured in V increased to a high level only at 144 h. The POD in explants cultured in V showed high activity that did not cause browning. Gene expression assays showed that the expression of JrPPO1 was downregulated in explants cultured in both A and V. However, the expression of JrPPO2 was upregulated in explants cultured in A throughout the culture and upregulated in V at 144 h. JrPPO expression analyses in different tissues showed that JrPPO1 was highly expressed in stems, young leaves, mature leaves, catkins, pistils, and hulls, and JrPPO2 was highly expressed in mature leaves and pistils. Moreover, browning assays showed that both explants in A and leaf tissue exhibited high JrPPO2 activity. Conclusion The rapid increase in phenolic content caused the browning and death of explants. V media delayed the rapid accumulation of phenolic compounds in walnut explants in the short term, which significantly decreased explants mortality. The results suggest that JrPPO2 plays a key role in the oxidation of phenols in explants after branch injury.

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