Carbon abatement cost of hydrogen based synthetic fuels – A general framework exemplarily applied to the maritime sector

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Wahl ◽  
Josef Kallo
Keyword(s):  
General Framework ◽  
Abatement Cost ◽  
Synthetic Fuels ◽  
Carbon Abatement

scholarly journals How to Allocate Carbon Emission Permits Among China’s Industrial Sectors Under the Constraint of Carbon Intensity?

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianguo Zhou ◽  
Yushuo Li ◽  
Xuejing Huo ◽  
Xiaolei Xu
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Abatement Cost ◽  
Carbon Intensity ◽  
Carbon Trading ◽  
Emission Permits ◽  
Carbon Abatement ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Ferrous Metals

With the official launch of China’s national unified carbon trading system (ETS) in 2017, it has played an increasingly important role in controlling the growth of carbon dioxide emissions. One of the core issues in carbon trading is the allocation of initial carbon emissions permits. Since the industry emits the largest amount of carbon dioxide in China, a study on the allocation of carbon emission permits among China’s industrial sectors is necessary to promote industry carbon abatement efficiency. In this study, industrial carbon emissions permits are allocated to 37 sub-sectors of China to reach the emission reduction target of 2030 considering the carbon marginal abatement cost, carbon abatement responsibility, carbon abatement potential, and carbon abatement capacity. A hybrid approach that integrates data envelop analysis (DEA), the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and principal component analysis (PCA) is proposed to allocate carbon emission permits. The results of this study are as follows: First, under the constraint of carbon intensity, the carbon emission permits of the total industry in 2030 will be 8792 Mt with an average growth rate of 3.27%, which is 1.57 times higher than that in 2016. Second, the results of the carbon marginal abatement costs show that light industrial sectors and high-tech industrial sectors have a higher abatement cost, while energy-intensive heavy chemical industries have a lower abatement cost. Third, based on the allocation results, there are six industrial sub-sectors that have obtained major carbon emission permits, including the smelting and pressing of ferrous metals (S24), manufacturing of raw chemical materials and chemical products (S18), manufacturing of non-metallic mineral products (S23), smelting and pressing of non-ferrous metals (S25), production and supply of electric power and heat power (S35), and the processing of petroleum, coking, and processing of nuclear fuel (S19), accounting for 69.23% of the total carbon emissions permits. Furthermore, the study also classifies 37 industrial sectors to explore the emission reduction paths, and proposes corresponding policy recommendations for different categories.

scholarly journals Measuring of China’s Provincial Carbon Abatement Cost and its Spatial Distribution Pattern

2021 ◽  
Vol 275 ◽  
pp. 02012
Author(s):  
Zhangwen Li ◽  
Caijiang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Quadratic Function ◽  
Abatement Cost ◽  
Directional Distance Function ◽  
Spatial Distribution Pattern ◽  
Abatement Costs ◽  
Carbon Abatement ◽  
Geographical Clustering

Based on the panel data in Chinese provinces from 2000 to 2017, this paper first uses the parameterized quadratic function of the directional distance function to estimate carbon abatement costs of 30 provinces in China, and further studies its long-term evolutionary characteristics. Second, this paper studies the spatial distribution pattern of carbon abatement cost. The results show that the carbon abatement cost has increased as a whole during the study period. Moreover, the spatial distribution of carbon abatement costs in China shows a geographical clustering feature, and the positive spatial agglomeration is significant after 2008.

scholarly journals Cost And Welfare: A Simulation of Establishing A Unified Carbon Market In China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinru Ji ◽  
Lei Su
Keyword(s):  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Abatement Cost ◽  
Directional Distance Function ◽  
Carbon Market ◽  
Shadow Prices ◽  
Carbon Trading ◽  
Carbon Abatement ◽  
Trading Market ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Cost

Abstract BackgroundGlobal warming has aroused wide concern of international community, which has reached a consensus on the carbon abatement. In 2017, China should have established a unified market for carbon emission trading, while the government has postponed the establishment because the uncertainty of cost calculation and welfare. Therefore, the cost and welfare of carbon abatement in simulated scenarios could help the government in establishing a unified carbon market and setting suitable policy. In the national carbon trading market, the variations of different abatement cost are the precondition of carbon exchange. This paper set forth theories related to carbon market and used parametric directional distance function model to derive the shadow prices of 30 provinces from 2011 to 2017. Then the classic logarithmic model is used to simulate marginal abatement cost curves, which is further applied to empirically investigate the welfare of 30 provinces in two scenarios of carbon trading market in China. ResultsThe results indicate that marginal abatement cost would rise with the increasing of emission reduction and vary significantly among provinces, and undeveloped provinces have greater potential in emission reduction than developed regions. Moreover, all provinces could benefit from the establishment of the nationwide ETS.ConclusionsThis article combines the theoretical model of shadow prices with the analysis of China’s carbon trading market in an attempt to analyze the cost and welfare of Chinese provinces and cities on the unified carbon trading market, adding the time trend factor to the directional distance function, and then further combines the parameter method to estimate the shadow price of CO2. Finally, the paper gives some proposals regarding to China’s ETS and carbon reduction targets.

scholarly journals Minimization of carbon abatement cost: Modeling, analysis and simulation

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 2939-2969
Author(s):  
Xiaoli Yang ◽  
◽  
Jin Liang ◽  
Bei Hu ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Abatement Cost ◽  
Cost Modeling ◽  
Carbon Abatement ◽  
Modeling Analysis

scholarly journals A framework for localizing global climate solutions and their carbon reduction potential

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (31) ◽  
pp. e2100008118
Author(s):  
Marilyn A. Brown ◽  
Puneet Dwivedi ◽  
Sudhagar Mani ◽  
Daniel Matisoff ◽  
Jacqueline E. Mohan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Climate ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Abatement Cost ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
Coupled Systems ◽  
Cost Curve ◽  
Carbon Abatement ◽  
Carbon Reduction ◽  
Climate Action ◽  
Reduction Strategies

Localized carbon reduction strategies are especially critical in states and regions that lack top-down climate leadership. This paper illustrates the use of coupled systems in assessments of subnational climate solutions with a case study of Georgia, a state located in the southeastern United States that does not have statewide climate goals or plans. The paper illustrates how robust place-specific plans for climate action could be derived from foundational global and national work and by embedding that research into the context of socio-ecological-technological systems. Our replicable methodology advances the traditional additive sectoral wedge analysis of carbon abatement potential by incorporating solution interdependencies and by spanning both carbon sources and sinks. We estimate that a system of 20 solutions could cut Georgia’s carbon footprint by 35% in 2030 relative to a business-as-usual forecast and by 50% relative to Georgia’s emissions in 2005. We also produce a carbon abatement cost curve that aligns private and social costs as well as benefits with units of avoided CO2-e. The solutions are affiliated with various social co-costs and co-benefits that highlight societal concerns extending beyond climate impacts, including public health, environmental quality, employment, and equity.

Technology-side carbon abatement cost curves for China’s power generation sector

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 1305-1323
Author(s):  
Lin-Ju Chen ◽  
Zhen-Hai Fang ◽  
Fei Xie ◽  
Hai-Kuo Dong ◽  
Yu-Heng Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Abatement Cost ◽  
Carbon Abatement ◽  
Cost Curves

scholarly journals Analysis of CO2 Abatement Cost of Solar Energy Integration in a Solar-Aided Coal-Fired Power Generation System in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 6587
Author(s):  
Jun Zhao ◽  
Kun Yang
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Power System ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Solar Power ◽  
Abatement Cost ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
Energy Integration ◽  
Solar Thermal Energy ◽  
Carbon Abatement

Utilization of renewable energy, improvement of power generation efficiency, and reduction of fossil fuel consumption are important strategies for the Chinese power industry in response to climate change and environment challenges. Solar thermal energy can be integrated into a conventional coal-fired power unit to build a solar-aided coal-fired power generation (SACPG) system. Because solar heat can be used more efficiently in a SACPG system, the solar-coal hybrid power system can reduce coal consumption and CO2 emissions. The performance and costs of a SACPG system are affected by the respective characteristics of its coal-fired system and solar thermal power system, their coupling effects, the solar energy resource, the costs of the solar power system, and other economic factors of coal price and carbon price. According to the characteristics of energy saving and CO2 emission reductions of a SACPG system, a general methodology of CO2 abatement cost for the hybrid system is proposed to assess the solar thermal energy integration reasonably and comprehensively. The critical factors for carbon abatement cost are also analyzed. Taking a SACPG system of 600 MW in Jinan, Shandong and in Hohhot, Inner Mongolia in China as an example, the methodology is further illustrated. The results show that the efficiency of solar heat-to-electricity should be high and it is 0.391 in the scheme of SIH1 in Hohhot, and that the designed direct normal irradiation (DNI) should be greater than 800 W/m2 in order to make full use of solar energy resources. It is indicated that the abatement cost of a SACPG system depends significantly both on the cost of solar power system and its relevant costs, and also on the fuel price or the carbon prices, and that the carbon abatement cost can be greatly reduced as the coal prices or CO2 price increase. The methodology of carbon abatement cost can provide support for the comprehensive assessment of a SACPG system for its design and optimal performance.

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