Effect of electrostatics on freely-bubbling beds of mono-sized particles

2015 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 104-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farzaneh Jalalinejad ◽  
Xiaotao T. Bi ◽  
John R. Grace
Keyword(s):  
2008 ◽  
Vol 63 (23) ◽  
pp. 5653-5662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuyan Wang ◽  
Huilin Lu ◽  
Xiang Li ◽  
Long Yu ◽  
Jianmin Ding ◽  
...  

2005 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 1329-1341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonghwun Jung ◽  
Dimitri Gidaspow ◽  
Isaac K. Gamwo
Keyword(s):  

2008 ◽  
Vol 180 (3) ◽  
pp. 296-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clay R. Sutton ◽  
John C. Chen
Keyword(s):  

Author(s):  
Mehmet Tartan ◽  
Dimitri Gidaspow ◽  
Jonghwun Jung

Detailed experimental velocity, particle concentration and stresses for flow of particles in a vertical pipe, riser are needed for verification of various CFD models for multiphase flow in the industrially important circulating fluidized bed (fast fluidization) regime. This study provides such information for flow of 530 μm glass beads in the fully developed flow region of a 7 m symmetric riser with a splash plate. Instantaneous particle velocity distributions were obtained using a particle velocity imaging technique and a probe inserted into the riser, while the particle concentrations were measured with a gammaray densitometer. Time averaged particle velocity distributions can be well represented by a parabolic velocity distribution, with the mean velocity obtained from flux divided by the measured bulk density. The radial granular temperature profiles agree with an analytical expression similar to the thermal temperature distribution in Poiseuille flow with viscous heat generation. A solution to the complete CFD model shows that the assumptions made in the analytical solution are valid. Our measurements of stresses in the risers and bubbling beds show the existence of two types of random kinetic energies or granular temperatures. The true granular temperature is due to oscillations of particles, while the second is the average of the normal Reynolds stresses. In the core of the riser, the true granular temperature is much larger than the Reynolds type granular temperature. The reverse is true in the bubbling bed.


Author(s):  
Matthew J. Kremer ◽  
Savas Yavuzkurt

The preliminary analysis of a package-scale circulating fluidized bed (CFB) combustor through modeling and experimentation was performed to help determine particle trajectories and carbon burnout efficiency. The CFB consisted of a primary fast fluidizing bed and two bubbling beds. The fluidized bed models found in literature and a freeboard model utilizing a commercial code, FLUENT, were used in simulations. Primary gas velocity of the fast fluidizing bed was varied between 4.9 and 12.2 m/s and gas temperatures were varied between 800 and 1200 K. For comparison with computations of hydrodynamics, a scaled down version of the combustor was run using granulated plastic particles at 300 K. The results of computations showed that the freeboard has a very complex flow with many recirculation zones that usually become larger and move away from the walls with increasing primary velocity. There was less particle movement in the experiments than in the simulations due to the differences in particle diameters, the type of particles, the gas temperature, and the scaling geometry.


Author(s):  
A. C. Rees ◽  
J. F. Davidson ◽  
J. S. Dennis ◽  
A. N. Hayhurst

The rise-times, from just above the base to the top of the bed, of single particles of dried sewage sludge and of two types of petroleum coke were measured in a slugging bed of sand fluidized by air. The sewage sludge and the petroleum cokes contained, on an as received basis, 49.5, 9.0 and 0.5 wt.% volatile matter, respectively. The bed (i.d. 25.5 mm; height 1300 mm) was electrically heated to a fixed temperature between 700 and 900°C. Two sizes of sand were fluidized: +212, −300 μm and +710, −850 μm. The expansion of the bed was held constant by keeping the excess gas velocity at (U − Umf) = 190 mm/s. In a bed of the coarser sand, it was found that the time of rise of single particles of sewage sludge (< 4 mm diam.) was large enough to allow devolatilization and char burn-out to be complete before the particle reached the upper surface of the bed. The measured times of rise are significantly longer than those found in bubbling beds [12, 13]. Thus, a slugging bed, of say 2 m in depth, would have significantly better heat retention and contact of the volatile material with the particulate phase than a bubbling bed of the same depth. With the finer sand, particles of sewage sludge and of petroleum coke containing volatile material rose rapidly to the top of the bed, well before combustion was complete. Published theory [6] was used to predict the rise-times of inert particles in a hot slugging bed. The predictions compare favourably with measurements using petroleum coke containing negligible amounts of volatile material and moisture. The use of a modified form of Stokes’s law to predict the velocity of rise of inert particles is shown to compare well with experiments. The experimental results suggest that once a minimum rate of gas evolution (from volatiles or moisture) is achieved a bubble forms which is large enough to lift a fuel particle to the surface. For particles meeting this criterion, the rise-time appears to be independent of the size of the fuel particle.


Fuel ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 208 ◽  
pp. 522-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shady Emad ◽  
Ahmed A. Hegazi ◽  
Salah H. El-Emam ◽  
Farouk M. Okasha

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