Three-dimensional conformal external beam radiotherapy compared with permanent prostate implantation in low-risk prostate cancer based on endorectal magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging and prostate-specific antigen level

Prostate cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers among men in the United States, second only to nonmelanomatous skin cancer. Since prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing came into widespread use in the late 1980s, there has been a sharp increase in annual prostate cancer incidence. Cancer-specific mortality, though, is relatively low. The majority of these cancers will not progress to mortal disease, yet most men who are diagnosed opt for treatment as opposed to observation or active surveillance (AS). These men are thus burdened with the morbidities associated with aggressive treatments, commonly incontinence and erectile dysfunction, without receiving a mortality benefit. It is therefore necessary to both continue investigating outcomes associated with AS and to develop less invasive techniques for those who desire treatment but without the significant potential for quality-of-life side effects seen with aggressive modalities. The goals of this paper are to discuss the problems of overdiagnosis and overtreatment since the advent of PSA screening as well as the potential for targeted focal therapy (TFT) to bridge the gap between AS and definitive therapies. Furthermore, patient selection criteria for TFT, costs, side effects, and brachytherapy template-guided three-dimensional mapping biopsies (3DMB) for tumor localization will also be explored.

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External Beam Radiotherapy for Low-Risk Prostate Cancer

Prostate Cancer: A Comprehensive Perspective ◽

10.1007/978-1-4471-2864-9_60 ◽

2012 ◽

pp. 709-717

Author(s):

Gert O. De Meerleer ◽

Piet Ost ◽

Geert M. Villeirs ◽

Nicolaas Lumen ◽

Valérie Fonteyne

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

External Beam Radiotherapy ◽

Low Risk ◽

External Beam ◽

Risk Prostate Cancer ◽

Low Risk Prostate Cancer

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Quality of life in low-risk prostate cancer treated with surgery, external beam radiotherapy, and brachytherapy: A prospective, multicentric cohort study.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2016.34.15_suppl.e16592 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 34 (15_suppl) ◽

pp. e16592-e16592

Author(s):

Almudena Cascales ◽

Maria Colmenero ◽

Alfredo Rodriguez ◽

Pilar Samper ◽

Jeanette Valero ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Prostate Cancer ◽

Cohort Study ◽

External Beam Radiotherapy ◽

Low Risk ◽

External Beam ◽

Risk Prostate Cancer ◽

Low Risk Prostate Cancer

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Radiotherapeutic Strategies in the Management of Low-Risk Prostate Cancer

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1100/tsw.2010.179 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

pp. 1854-1869 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Kevin S. Choe ◽

Stanley L. Liauw

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Tumor Imaging ◽

Early Stage ◽

External Beam Radiotherapy ◽

Specific Antigen ◽

The United States ◽

Low Risk ◽

Image Guided Radiotherapy ◽

Risk Prostate Cancer ◽

Low Risk Prostate Cancer

Prostate cancer is the most common nonskin malignancy among men in the United States. Since the introduction of screening with prostate-specific antigen (PSA), most patients are being diagnosed at an early stage with low-risk disease. For men with low-risk prostate cancer, there exists an array of radiotherapeutic strategies that are effective and well tolerated, such as external-beam radiotherapy and brachytherapy. In recent years, there have been tremendous advances in the field of radiation oncology that have transformed the way radiation is used to treat prostate cancer, such as intensity-modulated radiotherapy, image-guided radiotherapy, and stereotactic radiotherapy. It is now feasible to deliver high doses of radiation to the target volume with improved precision and spare more of the neighboring tissues from potentially damaging radiation. Disease outcomes are generally excellent in low-risk prostate cancer. Improvements are expected with further integration of innovative technologies in radiation delivery, tumor imaging, and target localization.

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