Peer review report 1 on “The early prevention and treatment of PVST after laparoscopic splenectomy”

ABSTRACT Combination syndrome (CS) is a dental condition that is commonly seen in patients with a completely edentulous maxilla and partially edentulous mandible with preserved anterior teeth. This syndrome consists of severe anterior maxillary resorption combined with hypertrophic and atrophic changes in different quadrants of maxilla and mandible. This makes it a challenging condition in dentistry that requires significant experience along with advanced restorative and surgical skills. The causes of maxillary bone resorption and ways to correct it are discussed in this article. Conventional treatment with full upper and partial lower dentures for the CS patients is not always adequate or satisfying for patients and it often requires multiple remakes due to continuing bone resorption. Dental implant rehabilitation challenges conventional treatment with bone-anchoring techniques to provide improved retention and stability for implant-retained and supported prostheses. This article presents a successful implant treatment of the partially edentulous maxilla in CS patient. The necessity of a multidisciplinary approach for early prevention and treatment of this complex condition is emphasized. This article illustrates a review of the changes and difficulties faced when treated with conventional approach which can be overcome with the aid of implant-supported prosthesis. How to cite this article Rajendran S, Baburajan. Combination Syndrome. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2012;2(4):156-160.

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Peer review report 3 on “Negative and positive predictors of portal vein system thrombosis after laparoscopic splenectomy and azygoportal disconnection: A 3-month follow-up”

International Journal of Surgery ◽

10.1016/j.ijsu.2016.05.024 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 25 ◽

pp. 243

Keyword(s):

Portal Vein ◽

Peer Review ◽

Laparoscopic Splenectomy ◽

Vein System

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ALS3 Expression as an Indicator for Candida albicans Biofilm Formation and Drug Resistance

Frontiers in Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fmicb.2021.655242 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Keke Deng ◽

Wei Jiang ◽

Yanyu Jiang ◽

Qi Deng ◽

Jinzhong Cao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Candida Albicans ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Antifungal Agents ◽

Early Prevention ◽

Therapy Failure ◽

Prevention And Treatment ◽

Selection Of ◽

Prevention And Therapy

Resistance caused by the formation of the Candida albicans (C. albicans) biofilm is one of the main reasons for antifungal therapy failure. Thus, it is important to find indicators that predict C. albicans biofilm formation to provide evidence for the early prevention and treatment of the C. albicans biofilms. In this study, C. albicans samples were selected from C. albicans septicemia that were sensitive to common antifungal agents. It was found that the agglutinin-like sequence 3 (ALS3) gene was differentially expressed in free, antifungal, drug-sensitive C. albicans. The average ALS3 gene expression was higher in the C. albicans strains with biofilm formation than that in the C. albicans strains without biofilm formation. Then, it was further confirmed that the rate of biofilm formation was higher in the high ALS3 gene expression group than that in the low ALS3 gene expression group. It was found that C. albicans with biofilm formation was more resistant to fluconazole, voriconazole, and itraconazole. However, it maintained its sensitivity to caspofungin and micafungin in vitro and in mice. Further experiments regarding the prevention of C. albicans biofilm formation were performed in mice, in which only caspofungin and micafungin prevented C. albicans biofilm formation. These results suggest that the expression level of ALS3 in C. albicans may be used as an indicator to determine whether C. albicans will form biofilms. The results also show that the biofilm formation of C. albicans remained sensitive to caspofungin and micafungin, which may help to guide the selection of clinical antifungal agents for prevention and therapy.

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