A large volume of user-generated data is evolving on a day-to-day basis, especially on social media platforms like Twitter, where people express their opinions and emotions regarding certain individuals or entities. This user-generated content becomes very difficult to analyze manually and therefore requires a need for an intelligent automated system which mines the opinions and organizes them using polarity metrics, representing the process of sentiment analysis. The motive of this review is to study the concept of sentiment analysis and discuss the comparative analysis of its techniques along with the challenges in this field to be considered for future enhancement.