The evolution of human intelligence and the coefficient of additive genetic variance in human brain size

Intelligence ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey F. Miller ◽  
Lars Penke
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Brain Size ◽  
Additive Genetic Variance ◽  
Human Intelligence

scholarly journals SELECTION FOR BLOOD PRESSURE LEVELS IN MICE

Genetics ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 537-549
Author(s):  
Gunther Schlager
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Additive Genetic Variance ◽  
Population Bottleneck ◽  
Control Line ◽  
Selected Lines ◽  
High Line ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Random Control

ABSTRACT Response to two-way selection for systolic blood pressure was immediate and continuous for about eight generations. In the twelfth generation, the High males differed from the Low males by 38 mmHG; the females differed by 39 mmHg. There was little overlap between the two lines and they were statistically significant from each other and from the Random control line. There appeared to be no more additive genetic variance in the eleventh and twelfth generations. Causes for the cessation of response are explored. This is probably due to a combination of natural selection acting to reduce litter sizes in the Low line, a higher incidence of sudden deaths in the High line, and loss of favorable alleles as both selection lines went through a population bottleneck in the ninth generation.—In the eleventh generation, the selected lines were used to produce F1, F2, and backcross generations. A genetic analysis yielded significant additive and dominance components in the inheritance of systolic blood pressure.

scholarly journals Sapling and coppice biomass heritabilities and potential gains from Eucalyptus polybractea progeny trials

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Beren Spencer ◽  
Richard Mazanec ◽  
Mark Gibberd ◽  
Ayalsew Zerihun
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Additive Genetic Variance ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Sapling Growth ◽  
Genetic And Phenotypic Correlations ◽  
Breeding Selections ◽  
Cross Site

AbstractEucalyptus polybractea has been planted as a short-rotation coppice crop for bioenergy in Western Australia. Historical breeding selections were based on sapling biomass and despite a long history as a coppice crop, the genetic parameters of coppicing are unknown. Here, we assessed sapling biomass at ages 3 and 6 from three progeny trials across southern Australia. After the second sapling assessment, all trees were harvested. Coppice biomass was assessed 3.5 years later. Mortality following harvest was between 1 and 2%. Additive genetic variance for the 6-sapling estimate at one site was not significant. Sapling heritabilities were between 0.06 and 0.36 at 3 years, and 0.18 and 0.20 at 6 years. The heritability for the coppice biomass was between 0.07 and 0.17. Within-site genetic and phenotypic correlations were strong between all biomass assessments. Cross-site correlations were not different from unity. Selections based on net breeding values revealed positive gains in sapling and coppice biomass. Lower or negative gains were estimated if 3-year sapling selections were applied to the coppice assessments (−7.1% to 3.4%) with useful families culled. Positive gains were obtained if 6-year sapling selections were applied to the coppice assessment (6.4% to 9.3%) but these were lower than those obtained by applying coppice selections to the coppice assessment (8.4% to 14.8%). Removal of poor performing families and families that displayed fast sapling growth rates but under-performed as coppice will benefit potential coppice production. These results indicate that selections should be made using coppice data.

scholarly journals Estimation of non-additive genetic variance in human complex traits from a large sample of unrelated individuals

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentin Hivert ◽  
Julia Sidorenko ◽  
Florian Rohart ◽  
Michael E. Goddard ◽  
Jian Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Complex Traits ◽  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Additive Genetic Variance ◽  
Large Sample ◽  
Human Complex

scholarly journals ECOLOGICAL GENETICS OF AN INDUCED PLANT DEFENSE AGAINST HERBIVORES: ADDITIVE GENETIC VARIANCE AND COSTS OF PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY

Evolution ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 56 (11) ◽  
pp. 2206-2213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anurag A. Agrawal ◽  
Jeffrey K. Conner ◽  
Marc T. J. Johnson ◽  
Roger Wallsgrove
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Plant Defense ◽  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Additive Genetic Variance ◽  
Ecological Genetics ◽  
Induced Plant Defense

scholarly journals Non-Additive Genetic Variance of Eight-Week Body Weight as Studied by the Analysis of Diallel Matings

1959 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 486-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jimmy Kan ◽  
N.R. Gyles ◽  
R.M. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Additive Genetic Variance

Epistasis and the Evolution of Additive Genetic Variance in Populations That Pass Through a Bottleneck

Evolution ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. Cheverud ◽  
Ty T. Vaughn ◽  
L. Susan Pletscher ◽  
Kelly King-Ellison ◽  
Jeff Bailiff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Additive Genetic Variance ◽  
Pass Through

scholarly journals The Multi-allelic Genetic Architecture of a Variance-Heterogeneity Locus for Molybdenum Concentration in Leaves Acts as a Source of Unexplained Additive Genetic Variance

PLoS Genetics ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. e1005648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon K. G. Forsberg ◽  
Matthew E. Andreatta ◽  
Xin-Yuan Huang ◽  
John Danku ◽  
David E. Salt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Architecture ◽  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Additive Genetic Variance ◽  
Variance Heterogeneity ◽  
Molybdenum Concentration

scholarly journals Selection strategies of segregant soybean populations for resistance to Asian rust

2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (11) ◽  
pp. 1452-1459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aliny Simony Ribeiro ◽  
José Francisco Ferraz de Toledo ◽  
Magno Antonio Patto Ramalho
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Additive Genetic Variance ◽  
Infected Leaf ◽  
Good Resistance ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Selection Strategies ◽  
Line Selection ◽  
Soybean Resistance ◽  
Selection Of

The objective of this work was to identify the best selection strategies for the more promising parental combinations to obtain lines with good resistance to soybean Asian rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi). Two experiments were carried out in the field during the 2006/2007 and 2007/2008 growing seasons, to determine the percentage of infected leaf area of individual plants of five parents and their segregant F2 and F3 populations. The data obtained indicates that additive genetic variance predominates in the control of soybean resistance to Asian rust, and that the year and time of assessment do not significantly influence the estimates of the genetic parameters obtained. The narrow-sense heritability (h²r) ranged from 23.12 to 55.83%, and indicates the possibility of successful selection of resistant individuals in the early generations of the breeding program. All the procedures used to select the most promising populations to generate superior inbred lines for resistance to P. pachyrhizi presented similar results and identified the BR01-18437 x BRS 232 population as the best for inbred line selection.

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