International diffusion of knowledge labor productivity and catching up between North and South

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daghbagi Hamrouni
Keyword(s):  
Labor Productivity ◽  
International Diffusion ◽  
Catching Up ◽  
Diffusion Of Knowledge ◽  
North And South

Debating the South in Unified Italy

2020 ◽  
pp. 186-214
Author(s):  
Stefan Nygård
Keyword(s):  
Nation State ◽  
The South ◽  
National Politics ◽  
The North ◽  
Political Debates ◽  
Catching Up ◽  
History Of ◽  
South Axis ◽  
Nation State Formation ◽  
North And South

The history of modern Italy is an illustrative example of the different social and spatial layers of the North–South divide. Since unification in 1861, Italy has struggled to overcome regional imbalances, mainly although not exclusively along a North–South axis. With an emphasis on the period following unification, when North-South was placed at the centre of national politics, this chapter surveys the lingering debates on Italy’s so-called Southern question and the dynamics of nation-state formation in which it is embedded. The contested history of this process includes debates over economic and moral debts caused by the uneven distribution of gains and sacrifices between North and South as a result of unification. Socio-economically, two North–South divides developed in parallel after unification; the more significant one between Italy and transalpine Europe, and the initially minor but eventually growing divergence between the northern and southern regions within Italy. The ideas of development, catching-up and “Europeanization” were recurring themes in the intellectual and political debates discussed in the chapter. The contested issue was whether the North was developing the South, or vice versa.

scholarly journals THE INTERNATIONAL DIFFUSION OF KNOWLEDGE: PUBLISHING OPPORTUNITIES IN GLOBAL GERONTOLOGY

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. 874-874
Author(s):  
E A Miller ◽  
C Ronneberg ◽  
M K Gusmano
Keyword(s):  
International Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Of Knowledge

scholarly journals Structural change and productivity growth in Brazil: where do we stand?

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-263
Author(s):  
ANDRÉ NASSIF ◽  
LUCILENE MORANDI ◽  
ELIANE ARAÚJO ◽  
CARMEM FEIJÓ
Keyword(s):  
Structural Change ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Labor Productivity Growth ◽  
Catching Up ◽  
Significant Structural Change ◽  
Low Degree

ABSTRACT The aim of this paper is to discuss the evolution of the Brazilian labour productivity in the 1990s and 2000s to shed some light on the resilience of the Brazilian economy to recover growth. Labor productivity growth in Brazil, after showing positive annual rates between 1950 and 1979, became stagnant after 1980. Following McMillan and Rodrik’s (2011) methodology, this paper at first decompose labor productivity growth in the period 1950-2011, according to “structural change” (which is considered growth-enhancing) and “within effect” (which is growth-reducing, if not accompanied by significant structural change while the country is still pursuing its catching-up process). Next, an econometric exercised is presented to explain the determinants of the structural change component of the labour productivity since economic opening in the 1990s. The results show that the stagnation of the Brazilian productivity is explained by the overvaluation trend of the Brazilian currency, the reprimarization of the export basket, the low degree of Brazil’s trade openness and the high real interest rates prevailing in the period.

Productivity

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen N. Broadberry ◽  
Claire Giordano ◽  
Francesco Zollino
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Productivity Growth ◽  
The Other ◽  
Growth Accounting ◽  
Factor Productivity ◽  
International Context ◽  
Labor Productivity Growth ◽  
Catching Up ◽  
Productivity Dynamics

Italy's economic growth over its 150 years of unified history did not occur at a steady pace, nor was it balanced across sectors. Relying on an entirely new input (labor and capital) database, this chapter evaluates the different labor productivity growth trends within the Italian economy's sectors, as well as the contribution of structural change to productivity growth. Italy's performance is then set in an international context: a comparison of sectoral labor productivity growth rates and levels within a selected sample of countries (United Kingdom, United States, Germany, Japan, India) allows us to better time, quantify, and gauge the causes of Italy's catching-up process and subsequent more recent slowdown. Finally, the paper analyzes the proximate sources of Italy's growth, relative to the other countries, in a standard growth accounting framework, in an attempt also to disentangle the contribution of both total factor productivity growth and capital deepening to the country's labor productivity dynamics.

A Classical-Marxian Growth Model of Catching Up and the Cases of China, Japan, and India: 1980–2014

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 312-334
Author(s):  
Adalmir Marquetti ◽  
Luiz Eduardo Ourique ◽  
Henrique Morrone
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Growth Model ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Profit Rate ◽  
Stylized Facts ◽  
Capital Productivity ◽  
Catching Up

This article presents a classical-Marxian model of catching up wherein the leader country employs a technique with higher labor productivity and lower capital productivity than the follower’s technique. The follower’s higher profit rate allows for faster capital accumulation than the leader’s. During the catching up phase, labor productivity rises while capital productivity and profit rate decline in the follower country. In addition, we discuss some stylized facts of catching up in China, Japan, and India in relation to the United States between 1980 and 2014. Catching up occurred when capital accumulation was higher in the followers. However, a high capital accumulation in the follower country can reduce capital productivity and profit rate to a level lower than the leader’s, putting the process at risk.

How Did the United States and Germany Overtake Britian? A Sectoral Analysis of Comparative Productivity Levels, 1870–1990

1998 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 375-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen N. Broadberry
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Total Factor Productivity ◽  
Labor Productivity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Factor Productivity ◽  
Sectoral Analysis ◽  
Catching Up ◽  
Conventional Literature ◽  
Relative Productivity

A sectoral analysis of comparative labor productivity levels over the period 1870 to 1990 suggests mechanisms of catching-up and forging ahead that are rather different from those found in the conventional literature. Both Germany and the United States caught up with and overtook Britain in terms of aggregate labor productivity largely by shifting resources out of agriculture and improving their relative productivity position in services rather than by improving their position in manufacturing. Although capital played some role, the changes in comparative labor productivity also reflected changes in comparative total factor productivity, related to technology and organization.

scholarly journals Patent citations, knowledge flows, and catching-up: Evidences of different national experiences for the period 1982–2006

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Nogueira de Paiva Britto ◽  
Leonardo Costa Ribeiro ◽  
Lucas Teixeira Araújo ◽  
Eduardo da Motta e Albuquerque
Keyword(s):  
Patent Citation ◽  
Knowledge Flows ◽  
Patent Citations ◽  
Citation Data ◽  
Catching Up ◽  
Diffusion Of Knowledge ◽  
Technological Field ◽  
Matrix Cell ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Interaction Matrices

Abstract This paper uses information about patent citations to track the evolution of knowledge flows in selected countries engaged in catching-up processes. The analysis comprises patent citation data extracted from the USPTO database for the period 1982-2006. The data are presented through technological interaction matrices displaying the interaction between the technological fields of cited and citing patents. Each matrix cell matches the technological field(s) of one cited patent to the technological field(s) of its citing patent(s). The hypothesis is that the intensification and diversification of knowledge flows to a greater number of fields broadens the possibilities of identifying attractive opportunities for innovation, thereby multiplying the opportunities of development and catching-up. The analysis seeks to identify which technological fields concentrate the absorption and diffusion of knowledge in a given country over different periods, a consideration which tends to be related to the possibilities of catching-up processes.

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