A Classical-Marxian Growth Model of Catching Up and the Cases of China, Japan, and India: 1980–2014

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 312-334
Author(s):  
Adalmir Marquetti ◽  
Luiz Eduardo Ourique ◽  
Henrique Morrone

This article presents a classical-Marxian model of catching up wherein the leader country employs a technique with higher labor productivity and lower capital productivity than the follower’s technique. The follower’s higher profit rate allows for faster capital accumulation than the leader’s. During the catching up phase, labor productivity rises while capital productivity and profit rate decline in the follower country. In addition, we discuss some stylized facts of catching up in China, Japan, and India in relation to the United States between 1980 and 2014. Catching up occurred when capital accumulation was higher in the followers. However, a high capital accumulation in the follower country can reduce capital productivity and profit rate to a level lower than the leader’s, putting the process at risk.

1998 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 375-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen N. Broadberry

A sectoral analysis of comparative labor productivity levels over the period 1870 to 1990 suggests mechanisms of catching-up and forging ahead that are rather different from those found in the conventional literature. Both Germany and the United States caught up with and overtook Britain in terms of aggregate labor productivity largely by shifting resources out of agriculture and improving their relative productivity position in services rather than by improving their position in manufacturing. Although capital played some role, the changes in comparative labor productivity also reflected changes in comparative total factor productivity, related to technology and organization.


2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 772-773
Author(s):  
Rose Ann DiMaria-Ghalili ◽  
Connie Bales ◽  
Julie Locher

Abstract Food insecurity is an under-recognized geriatric syndrome that has extensive implications in the overall health and well-being of older adults. Understanding the impact of food insecurity in older adults is a first step in identifying at-risk populations and provides a framework for potential interventions in both hospital and community-based settings. This symposium will provide an overview of current prevalence rates of food insecurity using large population-based datasets. We will present a summary indicator that expands measurement to include the functional and social support limitations (e.g., community disability, social isolation, frailty, and being homebound), which disproportionately impact older adults, and in turn their rate and experience of food insecurity and inadequate food access. We will illustrate using an example of at-risk seniors the association between sarcopenia, the age-related loss of muscle mass and function, with rates of food security in the United States. The translational aspect of the symposium will then focus on identification of psychosocial and environmental risk factors including food insecurity in older veterans preparing for surgery within the Veterans Affairs Perioperative Optimization of Senior Health clinic. Gaining insights into the importance of food insecurity will lay the foundation for an intervention for food insecurity in the deep south. Our discussant will provide an overview of the implications of these results from a public health standpoint. By highlighting the importance of food insecurity, such data can potentially become a framework to allow policy makers to expand nutritional programs as a line of defense against hunger in this high-risk population.


Author(s):  
Pallavi Dubey ◽  
Sireesha Y. Reddy ◽  
Luis Alvarado ◽  
Sharron L. Manuel ◽  
Alok K. Dwivedi

2001 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 789-828
Author(s):  
Keith Wilson

The United States is abrogating the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty in order to deploy a limited missile defence shield. Amongst other developments, this is prompting a reconsideration of the global security framework. However, a crucial element is missing from the current missile defence proposals: a clearly articulated concept of peaceful use, applicable both to outer space and to earth-space. The deployment of missile defence runs counter to emerging norms. It has effects going far beyond the abandonment or re-configuration of specific Cold War agreements. In a community of nations committed to the maintenance of international peace and security (cf. national or plurilateral security), sustainable meaning for widely used and accepted norms of peaceful use and peaceful purposes is at risk.


2007 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marvin E. Goldberg ◽  
Kunter Gunasti

More than one-third of young people in the United States are either obese or at risk of becoming obese. The authors consider how food marketers have contributed to this problem and how they might help resolve it. The article organizes the marketing activities of food-related companies around the classic four Ps. The authors first discuss product, price, and promotion in terms of past, present, and potential future industry actions. They then discuss place as a function of four key commercial end points in the food channel: (1) supermarkets, (2) convenience stores, (3) restaurants, and (4) schools. The authors consider government actions in terms of how they affect the actions of both the food industry and consumers. Throughout the article, the authors consider how extant research can be extended in an effort to better understand and address the youth obesity problem.


2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar Lansen

My America: Immigration, historical education and vision of nationhoodEver since the United States of America was founded as a more perfect union, it has struggled to find a balance between a narrow, ascriptive, Eurocentric vision of nationhood favoring an explication of rational and/or divinely-sanctioned nation-building, and one that acknowledges the struggles and contributions of its ever-renewing immigrant citizenry in shaping its vision of self. This contrariety has played itself out in classrooms and textbooks where historical narratives of nation compete with societal reality; and in state houses where citizen-educators rather than academics seem to know history best. Whereas one can attribute this disconnect to curriculae catching up with changing demographics, in actuality, US History education’s de-facto role as the Great Americanizer has made it a factional battleground of what it means to be American; and a victim to the perversion of the very principles it seeks to instill. As a result, primary and secondary-school US History ranks amongst to lowest amongst subjects in terms of student proficiency and teacher competency. This article discusses the origins of the fraught relationship between vision of nationhood and citizenry education in the United States; and the necessitated steps to give renewed relevance and competence to historical education in developing the critical, informed citizenry fundamental to a well-functioning democracy. Moja Ameryka. Imigracja, edukacja historyczna i wizja bycia narodemOd chwili, gdy Stany Zjednoczone Ameryki stały się doskonalszą unią, kraj ten z mozołem szuka równowagi pomiędzy wąsko askryptywną eurocentryczną wizją bycia narodem, która sprzyja budowaniu narodu sankcjonowanemu racjonalnie i/lub przez boskość, a wizją, która uznaje obywatelski wysiłek i wkład imigrantów w kształtowanie jej własnego obrazu. Ta sprzeczność rozgrywa się w salach lekcyjnych i w podręcznikach, w których historyczne narracje o narodzie konkurują z realiami społecznymi, jak też w łonie instytucji państwowych, w których najlepiej znają historię, jak się wydaje, raczej obywatele – edukatorzy niż środowiska akademickie. Jakkolwiek tę rozłączność można przypisywać temu, że programy nauczania doganiają przemiany demograficzne, to jednak w rzeczywistości rola historii USA jako wielkiego amerykanizatora stała się w istocie polem zmagań o to, co to znaczy być Amerykaninem. Stała się też ofiarą przewrotności samych zasad, które chce wdrożyć. W rezultacie jako przedmiot nauczania historia Stanów Zjednoczonych zalicza się w szkołach podstawowych i średnich do tych przedmiotów szkolnych, które w kategoriach umiejętności uczniów i kompetencji nauczycieli mają najniższą rangę. Artykuł analizuje przyczyny tego brzemiennego w skutki związku między wizją bycia narodem a edukacją obywatelską w USA i docieka, jakie należy podjąć kroki po to, by poprzez rozwój krytycznej, świadomej postawy obywatelskiej o fundamentalnym znaczeniu dla kraju, przywrócić nauczaniu historii właściwą rangę i kompetencje. [Trans. by Jacek Serwański]


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document