Maternal Vitamin D Levels and the Risk of Offspring Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Background & Objective: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a heterogeneous disorder characterized by hyperactivity, impulsivity and inattention. Children with ADHD have challenges with learning, behavior and psychosocial adjustments, sometimes retained into adulthood. The exact etiology of ADHD is unknown, and the pathophysiology of this disease is complex. Several hypotheses have been raised regarding ADHD pathogenesis, including serotonergic and catecholaminergic signalling pathway dysfunction, neurotropic-related factors, oxidative stress, or neuroinflammation. Vitamin D has an important protective effect against inflammation, oxidative stress and certain neurotrophic factors and neurotransmitter, as well as facilitating dopaminergic and serotonergic functions. Vitamin D levels in children with ADHD are lower than in healthy children, and thus may be involved in the pathogenesis of ADHD. These observations, therefore, confirm the neuroprotective role of vitamin D through multiple molecular mechanisms and can be considered as a promising target in understanding ADHD pathology. Conclusion: In this context, the present study reviews the molecular pathways of vitamin D in ADHD patients.

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Vitamin D levels in children and adolescents with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): a meta-analysis

ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders ◽

10.1007/s12402-018-0276-7 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 221-232 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Evangelia Kotsi ◽

Elisavet Kotsi ◽

Despina N. Perrea

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Vitamin D Levels

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Vitamin D levels in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Association with seasonal and geographical variation, supplementation, inattention severity, and theta:beta ratio

Biological Psychology ◽

10.1016/j.biopsycho.2021.108099 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 162 ◽

pp. 108099

Author(s):

Melissa C. Miller ◽

Xueliang Pan ◽

L. Eugene Arnold ◽

Arielle Mulligan ◽

Shea Connor ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Geographical Variation ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Vitamin D Levels

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Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder is associated with reduced blood pressure and serum vitamin D levels: results from the nationwide German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS)

European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry ◽

10.1007/s00787-016-0852-3 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 165-175 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Thomas Meyer ◽

Andreas Becker ◽

Jessika Sundermann ◽

Aribert Rothenberger ◽

Christoph Herrmann-Lingen

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Serum Vitamin ◽

Serum Vitamin D ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

German Health ◽

Vitamin D Levels

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Adjuvant effects of vitamin A and vitamin D supplementation on treatment of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a study protocol for a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, multicentric trial in China

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2021-050541 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. e050541

Author(s):

Ping Zhou ◽

Mark Lee Wolraich ◽

Ai-hua Cao ◽

Fei-Yong Jia ◽

Bin Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Vitamin A ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Remission Rate ◽

Vitamin D Supplementation ◽

Multicentric Study ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Institutional Review ◽

Double Blinded

IntroductionApproximately 7.2% of children in the world suffer from attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Due to the availability of the osmotic-release oral-system methylphenidate, ADHD currently has a remission rate of up to 30.72%. Nevertheless, it has been reported that patients with ADHD tend to exhibit vitamin A and vitamin D deficiency, which may aggravate the symptoms of ADHD. This study aims to determine the effect of vitamin A and vitamin D supplementation as adjunctive therapy to methylphenidate on the symptoms of ADHD.Methods and analysisThis is a parallel, prospective, interventional multicentric study. Patients will be enrolled from the southern, central and northern parts of China. A target of 504 patients will be followed for 8 weeks. They will be allocated into three groups (vitamin AD, vitamin D and placebo) and administered the interventions accordingly. Data on changes in the symptoms of ADHD as well as changes in the serum concentrations of vitamin A and vitamin D will be recorded. Both responders and nonresponders based on the sociodemographic and clinical data will also be described to mitigate selection bias.Ethics and disseminationThis study is performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China (approval number: (2019) IRB (STUDY) number 262). The results of the trial will be reported in peer-reviewed scientific journals and academic conferences regardless of the outcomes.Trial registration numberNCT04284059.

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