The Arabian–Nubian Shield evolved through a sequence of tectonomagmatic cycles, which
took place during Neoproterozoic time (1000–540 Ma). Dyke emplacement constitutes one of the
conspicuous features of the Arabian–Nubian Shield, with mafic dykes being the most abundant. The
investigated dykes represent the youngest Neoproterozoic mafic dykes and have been dated in Jordan
at 545 ± 13 Ma. Geochemically the studied dykes are mildly alkaline, are enriched in large ion
lithophile elements (LILE) and high field strength cations (HFSC), show moderate enrichment of
REE, and lack Nb anomaly. These features are consistent with a predominantly extensional continental
tectonic setting. Crystallization temperatures of the suite fall between 1050 and 800 °C to as low as
650 °C as deduced from pyroxene thermometry. The investigated dykes were derived from a metasomatized
lithospheric mantle by 5 % modal batch partial melting of phlogopite-bearing spinel lherzolite,
according to geochemical modelling. The intra-suite geochemical features are explicable by 64 % fractional
crystallization of olivine, pyroxene, plagioclase and titanomagnetite and possibly other accessories
like apatite at a later stage. The cumulate produced from this fractionation of the investigated
dyke suite contributed to the formation of the mafic lower crust of the Arabian–Nubian Shield.
Elemental ratios and petrographic evidence indicate possible minor crustal contamination of the suite.
The youngest mafic dykes show striking geochemical similarities to the same generation of dolerite
dykes in the adjacent countries, to transitional young basalt suites of the Main East African Rift, and
to Quaternary Jordanian basalts. The youngest mafic dyke suite, the rhyolites of the Aheimir suite, and
St Katherina rhyolites of Sinai represent the last igneous activity in the Arabian–Nubian Shield before
the onset of the Cambrian at about 545 Ma ago.