scholarly journals A Comparison of COVID-19 Mortality Rates Among Long-Term Care Residents in 12 OECD Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 1572-1574.e3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgardo R. Sepulveda ◽  
Nathan M. Stall ◽  
Samir K. Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Long Term Care ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Term Care

scholarly journals Informal carer in Portugal: moving towards political recognition in Portugal

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
I Fronteira ◽  
J Simoes ◽  
G Augusto
Keyword(s):  
Informal Care ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Informal Carer ◽  
Term Care ◽  
System Perspective ◽  
Informal Carers

Abstract Informal care represents around 80% of all long term care provided in EU countries. Nevertheless, the needs for this type of care are expected to increase in the coming years in all OECD countries. Portugal is among the OECD countries with the highest ageing index (21.5% of the population was older than 65 years in 2017) due to high life expectancy and low fertility rates. As this demographic trend establishes, Portugal is expected to have more than 40% of the population over 65 years in 2037, and the expected prevalence of dementia is 3%, in 2050. In 2015 there were 2.1% of people over 65 receiving long-term care, representing 52% of all long-term care users. Around 38% were receiving care at home. It is estimated that 287,000 people in Portugal depend on informal carers. The agenda towards the official recognition of informal cares has been push forward in the country. Since 2015, several recommendations have been issued by the Parliament as well as legislative initiatives and a proposal for a Status of the Informal Carer is currently under discussion. We analyse the process of formulation of this policy in terms of sectors and stakeholders involved, definition and scope of informal carer, rights and obligations, role of the person being cared for, formal protection (e.g., labor, social, financial, training) and implementation. Recognition of the informal carer is a sector wide approach. One of the main features is the economic, social and labor protection mainly through reconciliation between work life and caring activities and promotion of the carer’s well being. Notwithstanding, and from a health system perspective, community health teams are to be the focal point for informal carers, supporting and providing specific training whenever needed. Despite its relevance, informal care should not be professionalized and responsibility of care should not be shifted from health services to informal carers. Key messages Needs for informal care are expected to increase in the coming years in OECD countries. Recognition of the informal carer is a sector wide approach.

scholarly journals Impacts of Informal Caregiver Availability on Long-term Care Expenditures in OECD Countries

2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (6p2) ◽  
pp. 1971-1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byung-Kwang Yoo ◽  
Jay Bhattacharya ◽  
Kathryn M. McDonald ◽  
Alan M. Garber
Keyword(s):  
Long Term Care ◽  
Informal Caregiver ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Term Care

scholarly journals Worlds of long-term care: A typology of OECD countries

Health Policy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mareike Ariaans ◽  
Philipp Linden ◽  
Claus Wendt
Keyword(s):  
Long Term Care ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Term Care

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF POLICY CONTEXT IN INDIVIDUAL LONG-TERM CARE DECISIONS IN OECD COUNTRIES

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S155-S155
Author(s):  
Selena Caldera
Keyword(s):  
Informal Care ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Logistic Models ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Demographic Shift ◽  
Public Provision ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Policy Context

Abstract While family caregiving of the elderly has long been part of the cultural life of most OECD countries, longer life expectancy combined with low fertility rates has increased the share of the population dependent on current workers and minimized the available population of informal caregivers. The demand for expanded public provision of long-term care (LTC) resulting from this demographic shift prompted reforms in many OECD countries in the 1990s and 2000s. Differences in these reforms provide an opportunity to examine how individual choices between formal and informal care types are shaped by the policy context. I use longitudinal data on elders in three OECD countries, Sweden, Germany, and Japan, to examine LTC decisions under three varied approaches to population aging. The direction of LTC reforms in each country has been shaped by the existing model of care provision and financial constraints. In response to cost pressures, Sweden introduced need-based provision, financial devolution, and market-based approaches to its universal care model. Germany and Japan, in contrast, widely expanded restricted LTC coverage through public LTC insurance models. I use three multinomial logistic models of the LTC decision to test how differing policy schemes influence choices between formal and informal care. Using longitudinal Global Gateway to Aging data for each country, I model the LTC decision in each country as a factor of demographic and need characteristics of the elder experiencing limitations, characteristics of their family, and eligibility for publicly-provided LTC.

scholarly journals Older People Living in Long-Term Care Facilities and Mortality Rates During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Italy: Preliminary Epidemiological Data and Lessons to Learn

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni de Girolamo ◽  
Giuseppe Bellelli ◽  
Angelo Bianchetti ◽  
Fabrizio Starace ◽  
Orazio Zanetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Care Facilities

scholarly journals Forms of Providing and Financing Long-Term Care in OECD Countries

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renáta Halásková ◽  
Pavel Bednář ◽  
Martina Halásková
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Formal System ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Population Ageing ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Provision Of Care

Abstract Long-term care is being prioritised due to population ageing, and hand in hand with the development of professional provision of long-term care, public expendi-tures will be increasing. Mainly countries with a sharp increase in the number of people aged 80+ will have to address the sustainability of long-term care systems and the pro-curement of relevant services. This paper aims to evaluate the forms of provision and financing of long-term care in selected OECD countries. Provision and funding of long-term care in terms of a formal system are assessed based on selected criteria using analytical methods (principal component analysis and TwoStep cluster analysis). Results of the evaluation carried out in 2008 and 2013 by means of the selected indicators of long-term care, using TwoStep cluster analysis, confirmed both similar as well as different approaches to the provision and financing of long-term care in the analysed countries. The most marked differences in the provision of care based on indicators LTC recipients aged 65+ and LTC recipients in institutions as a percentage of total LTC recipients were found between the first cluster (Australia and Korea with the highest share of LTC recipients) and the second cluster (Czech Republic, Estonia, with the lowest share of LTC recipients). In financing of long-term care (LTC expenditures on institutions as a percentage of total LTC expenditures), the most significant differences were observed between the first (Australia, Korea, with the largest share of LTC expenditures on institutions) and third cluster (mainly Nordic countries, with the lowest share of LTC expenditures on institutions of total LTC expenditures).

scholarly journals Hospitalization and Mortality Rates in Long-Term Care Facilities: Does For-Profit Status Matter?

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 874-883 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Tanuseputro ◽  
Mathieu Chalifoux ◽  
Carol Bennett ◽  
Andrea Gruneir ◽  
Susan E. Bronskill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Long Term Care ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Term Care ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
Profit Status

scholarly journals COVID-19 related mortality and spread of disease in long-term care: a living systematic review of emerging evidence

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maximilian Salcher-Konrad ◽  
Arnoupe Jhass ◽  
Huseyin Naci ◽  
Marselia Tan ◽  
Yousef El-Tawil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Research Database ◽  
Term Care ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Related Mortality

AbstractBackgroundPolicy responses to mitigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on long-term care (LTC) require robust and timely evidence on mortality and spread of the disease in these settings. The aim of this living systematic review is to synthesise early international evidence on mortality rates and incidence of COVID-19 among people who use and provide LTC.MethodsWe report findings of a living systematic review (CRD42020183557), including studies identified through database searches up to 5 June 2020. We searched seven databases (MEDLINE; Embase; CINAHL Plus; Web of Science; Global Health; WHO COVID-19 Research Database; medRxiv) to identify all studies reporting primary data on COVID-19 related mortality and incidence of disease among LTC users and staff. We excluded studies not focusing on LTC. Included primary studies were critically appraised and results on number of deaths and COVID-19 related mortality rates, case fatality rates, and excess deaths (co-primary outcomes), as well as incidence of disease, hospitalisations, and ICU admissions were synthesised narratively. We further included official figures on number of deaths in LTC.FindingsA total of 33 study reports for 30 unique primary studies or outbreak reports were included. Outbreak investigations in LTC facilities found COVID-19 incidence rates of between 0.0% and 71.7% among residents and between 1.5% and 64.0% among staff. Mortality rates varied from 0.0% to 9.5% of all residents at outbreak facilities, with case fatality rates between 0.0% and 33.7%. In included studies, no LTC staff members had died. LTC residents accounted for between 0% (Hong Kong) and 85% (Canada) of COVID-related deaths, according to official figures.InterpretationLong-term care users have been particularly vulnerable to the COVID-19 pandemic. However, we found wide variation in spread of disease and mortality rates between outbreaks at individual LTC facilities. Further research into the factors determining successful prevention and containment of COVID-19 outbreaks is needed to protect long-term care users and staff.FundingThis work was partially conducted as part of the “Strengthening responses to dementia in developing countries” (STRiDE) project, supported by the UK Research and Innovation’s Global Challenges Research Fund (ES/P010938/1). The funders had no role in the design and execution of this study, interpretation of its results, and decision to submit this work to be published.

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