The cost of foreign-currency lending

2022 ◽  
pp. 106398
Author(s):  
Manthos D. Delis ◽  
Panagiotis N. Politsidis ◽  
Lucio Sarno
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Currency ◽  
Foreign Currency Lending ◽  
The Cost

scholarly journals Criminal law measures of ensuring the security of the crypto sphere

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-162
Author(s):  
Oleg Stepanov ◽  
Denis Pechegin
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Foreign Currency ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Financial Asset ◽  
Financial Instruments ◽  
The Us ◽  
Draft Bill ◽  
The Cost

In the first issue of the Bratislava Law Review magazine for 2018, our article addressed the problem of legal regulation of relations related to the crypto sphere “Failure to repatiate funds in foreign currency from abroad and modern issues of currency regulation” was published. In December 2017, Bitcoin predicted the cost of $ 40 – $ 100 thousand. However, in 2018, the situation changed-the Bitcoin exchange rate began to lose from $ 0.5 to $ 1 thousand per day, and its market capitalization fell to $ 70 billion. The crisis of the crypto market has affected not only the capitalization of cryptocurrencies, but also the issues of legal regulation of relations associated with its use. Currently, only three countries – Sweden, the Netherlands and Japan – recognize cryptocurrency as a legal means of payment. In Spain, the cryptocurrency is classified as an electronic means of payment only in relation to the gaming business. The legislation of Germany, as well as Finland, allows to classify cryptocurrencies as financial instruments. In China, Singapore and Norway cryptocurrency is considered as a financial asset in the US – as property, i.e. developed countries are in no hurry to equate cryptocurrency to means of payment. In Russia, the use of cryptocurrencies is not regulated by any rules, but there is no legislation prohibiting the circulation of cryptocurrencies as means of payment. At the same time, the draft bill “On digital nancial assets”, designed to regulate financial relations in the crypto sphere, completely excludes the issues of mining and circulation of existing crypto-currencies. However, new electronic entities carry certain risks associated with their turnover. In this regard, many States seek to develop mechanisms to ensure the security of actions in the new crypto sphere of legal relations before the direct legalization of cryptocurrencies and other modern electronic entities. The purpose of the article is to analyze the approaches related to the security of the crypto sphere in modern society by criminal law measures taking into account foreign experience.

Russian banks will need tight control and pruning

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Banking Sector ◽  
Foreign Currency ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Tight Control ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Perceptions Of Risk ◽  
Banking Sector Development ◽  
Foreign Loans ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Systemically Important Banks

Subject Measures to keep Russia's banking system sustainable. Significance In 2015, the majority of Russian banks recorded operating losses, with the exception of Sberbank. Banks had to repay foreign currency-denominated loans whose cost rose as the ruble fell in value. Access to further foreign loans was severely constrained by Western sanctions, the cost of domestic borrowing was high and consumers' real incomes declined. The Central Bank of Russia (CBR) continues to support the sector by offering refinancing facilities and capital support for systemically important banks while shutting down banks engaged in high-risk activity. Impacts Western sanctions continuing into 2017 will worsen investor perceptions of risk. CBR intervention will avoid a collapse in depositor confidence. Geopolitical isolation will limit banking sector development.

Azerbaijan policies may lack agility needed for crises

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Banking Sector ◽  
Foreign Currency ◽  
Shadow Economy ◽  
Oil Price ◽  
National Currency ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Welfare Spending ◽  
Political Responses ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Cost

Subject Oil and COVID-19 shocks in Azerbaijan. Significance The COVID-19 pandemic and oil price collapse present a dual challenge to the government, whose economic or political responses are likely to mirror its behaviour in past crises. Despite reasonable fiscal strength, there are policy risks in areas such as defending the national currency at the cost of depleting foreign currency reserves. Impacts Demands for healthcare and welfare spending will rise, as will unemployment. The banking sector looks vulnerable: four major banks are already in temporary administration. The size of the shadow economy makes it difficult to assess numbers of lay-offs and the resulting demand for welfare assistance.

scholarly journals Foreign banks and foreign currency lending in emerging Europe

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (69) ◽  
pp. 57-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Brown ◽  
Ralph De Haas
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Currency ◽  
Foreign Banks ◽  
Foreign Currency Lending

scholarly journals Global Depository Receipts in India: boon or bane

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 117-132
Author(s):  
S. S. Khakase ◽  
B. S. Ronald ◽  
T. M. Rathi
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Foreign Currency ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Financial Instrument ◽  
Compliance Requirements ◽  
Depository Receipts ◽  
International Investors ◽  
The Cost

The Global Depository Receipt (“GDR” or “DR”) is a structured financial instrument denominated in foreign currency and Indian companies issue equity shares/securities underlying the GDR to international investors. Many companies have used GDRs for manipulative and fraudulent practices and the Indian regulator, SEBI has penalised them. This paper aims to evaluate the legitimacy of the GDRs and malpractices associated with them and to find if there is any need for reform in the GDR Scheme, to see if the GDRs are beneficial to the economy or are inherently manipulative instruments and looks at the need to reform the laws governing GDR. The authors have employed the methods, literature review and empirical research. The authors have conducted empirical research of the participants in the Indian GDR industry in April and May of 2021 by way of an online Questionnaire and unstructured telephonic interviews. The study results in the author’s conclusion that the GDRs are legitimate instruments but the participants abused the Scheme and led to malpractices. The authors failed to conclude about the need for reforms in the GDR laws. The paper recommends the suitable amendment of the DR scheme with an intention to plug its loopholes and allow it in foreign jurisdictions with the highest compliance requirements while keeping in mind the cost of such compliance.

Prospects for dedollarization of the Russian economy

2016 ◽  
pp. 87-98
Author(s):  
M. Tskhovrebov
Keyword(s):  
Banking Sector ◽  
Foreign Currency ◽  
Financial Intermediation ◽  
Financial System ◽  
Macroeconomic Stabilization ◽  
Proactive Approach ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
The Cost

The economists have so far paid little attention to the issues of the dollarization of the Russian economy and its financial system. This is inconsistent with the importance of the problem. As part of the solution of the problem of dedollarization the article proposes a proactive approach that involves, in addition to macroeconomic stabilization, changing prudential norms that regulate the banking sector, measures of institutional and fiscal nature which would increase the cost of foreign currency financial intermediation.

Nigeria forex restrictions are unsustainable

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Foreign Currency ◽  
Domestic Demand ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Special Drawing ◽  
Special Drawing Rights ◽  
The Cost

Significance Instead it ordered that all foreign exchange purchases should occur through commercial banks. This move aims to stabilise the value of the naira by reducing effective domestic demand for foreign currency. Impacts The CBN may allow commercial banks to provide forex to retail dealers as an alternative policy. The cost of imported goods and services will increase. A USD3.35bn IMF special drawing rights (SDR) allocation will bolster Nigeria’s short-term reserve position. Full exchange rate unification will not occur under President Muhammadu Buhari’s administration.

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