scholarly journals Global Depository Receipts in India: boon or bane

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 117-132
Author(s):  
S. S. Khakase ◽  
B. S. Ronald ◽  
T. M. Rathi
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Foreign Currency ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Financial Instrument ◽  
Compliance Requirements ◽  
Depository Receipts ◽  
International Investors ◽  
The Cost

The Global Depository Receipt (“GDR” or “DR”) is a structured financial instrument denominated in foreign currency and Indian companies issue equity shares/securities underlying the GDR to international investors. Many companies have used GDRs for manipulative and fraudulent practices and the Indian regulator, SEBI has penalised them. This paper aims to evaluate the legitimacy of the GDRs and malpractices associated with them and to find if there is any need for reform in the GDR Scheme, to see if the GDRs are beneficial to the economy or are inherently manipulative instruments and looks at the need to reform the laws governing GDR. The authors have employed the methods, literature review and empirical research. The authors have conducted empirical research of the participants in the Indian GDR industry in April and May of 2021 by way of an online Questionnaire and unstructured telephonic interviews. The study results in the author’s conclusion that the GDRs are legitimate instruments but the participants abused the Scheme and led to malpractices. The authors failed to conclude about the need for reforms in the GDR laws. The paper recommends the suitable amendment of the DR scheme with an intention to plug its loopholes and allow it in foreign jurisdictions with the highest compliance requirements while keeping in mind the cost of such compliance.

scholarly journals Costs and Benefits of Autonomous Shipping—A Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 4553
Author(s):  
Ewelina Ziajka-Poznańska ◽  
Jakub Montewka
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Financial Models ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Benefit Estimation ◽  
Autonomous Ship ◽  
The Cost

The development of autonomous ship technology is currently in focus worldwide and the literature on this topic is growing. However, an in-depth cost and benefit estimation of such endeavours is in its infancy. With this systematic literature review, we present the state-of-the-art system regarding costs and benefits of the operation of prospective autonomous merchant ships with an objective for identifying contemporary research activities concerning an estimation of operating, voyage, and capital costs in prospective, autonomous shipping and vessel platooning. Additionally, the paper outlines research gaps and the need for more detailed business models for operating autonomous ships. Results reveal that valid financial models of autonomous shipping are lacking and there is significant uncertainty affecting the cost estimates, rendering only a reliable evaluation of specific case studies. The findings of this paper may be found relevant not only by academia, but also organisations considering to undertake a challenge of implementing Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships in their operations.

scholarly journals The Importance of Sustainability in Diving Tourism—The Case of German Speaking Diving Tourists

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6485
Author(s):  
Alexander Hodeck ◽  
Jacqueline Tuchel ◽  
Luisa Hente ◽  
Christine von Reibnitz
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Target Group ◽  
Conjoint Measurement ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Ecological Aspects ◽  
Sports Tourism ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
Group A ◽  
Sustainable Behavior

Sustainability in sports tourism has increased in recent years. Sustainability is a particular focus for diving tourism. This paper analyses the meaning of sustainability to German speaking diving tourists to draw conclusions for the development of tourism strategies. Based on a literature review on the importance of sustainability in diving tourism, an empirical study was designed to understand the importance of the topic within the target group. A total of 174 German-speaking diving tourists were surveyed using an online-questionnaire. The subjects were clustered regarding their sustainable behavior. It could be shown that there is a correlation between age as well as gender and sustainable behavior. A conjoint measurement showed that for diving tourists, ecological aspects are more important than the prize of a diving trip. The gained insights can contribute to establish new and more sustainable offers in diving tourism and thus developing this area of sports tourism more sustainably overall.

scholarly journals The costs of functional gastrointestinal disorders and related signs and symptoms in infants: a systematic literature review and cost calculation for England

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. e015594 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Mahon ◽  
Carlos Lifschitz ◽  
Thomas Ludwig ◽  
Nikhil Thapar ◽  
Julie Glanville ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Party Payer ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Cost

ObjectivesTo estimate the cost of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) and related signs and symptoms in infants to the third party payer and to parents.Study designTo estimate the cost of illness (COI) of infant FGIDs, a two-stage process was applied: a systematic literature review and a COI calculation. As no pertinent papers were found in the systematic literature review, a ‘de novo’ analysis was performed. For the latter, the potential costs for the third party payer (the National Health Service (NHS) in England) and for parents/carers for the treatment of FGIDs in infants were calculated, by using publicly available data. In constructing the calculation, estimates and assumptions (where necessary) were chosen to provide a lower bound (minimum) of the potential overall cost. In doing so, the interpretation of the calculation is that the true COI can be no lower than that estimated.ResultsOur calculation estimated that the total costs of treating FGIDs in infants in England were at least £72.3 million per year in 2014/2015 of which £49.1 million was NHS expenditure on prescriptions, community care and hospital treatment. Parents incurred £23.2 million in costs through purchase of over the counter remedies.ConclusionsThe total cost presented here is likely to be a significant underestimate as only lower bound estimates were used where applicable, and for example, costs of alternative therapies, inpatient treatments or diagnostic tests, and time off work by parents could not be adequately estimated and were omitted from the calculation. The number and kind of prescribed products and products sold over the counter to treat FGIDs suggest that there are gaps between treatment guidelines, which emphasise parental reassurance and nutritional advice, and their implementation.

Dynamic stability of holdings

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Lazareva
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic System ◽  
Dynamic Stability ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Management System ◽  
Business Schools ◽  
Complex Dynamic ◽  
Combined Model ◽  
Holding Company ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
The Cost

The monograph attempts to rethink the theoretical and methodological approaches to building a management system for the dynamic stability of holdings. The author's view on the construction of such a system is justified, and a new combined model of dynamic stability management is proposed, which is based on the cost approach. The holding company is considered as a complex dynamic system. The conclusions are based on the author's empirical research. For practitioners, teachers, postgraduates and students, students of business schools.

scholarly journals Ultrasound scan as a potential source of nosocomial and cross-infection: a literature review

2015 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 319-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Hadyme Miyague ◽  
Fernando Marum Mauad ◽  
Wellington de Paula Martins ◽  
Augusto César Garcia Benedetti ◽  
Ana Elizabeth Gomes de Melo Tavares Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Cross Infection ◽  
Ultrasound Scan ◽  
Benefit Ratio ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Cost Benefit Ratio ◽  
The Cost

AbstractThe authors review the main concepts regarding the importance of cleaning/disinfection of ultrasonography probes, aiming a better comprehension by practitioners and thus enabling strategies to establish a safe practice without compromising the quality of the examination and the operator productivity. In the context of biosafety, it is imperative to assume that contact with blood or body fluids represents a potential source of infection. Thus, in order to implement cleaning/disinfection practice, it is necessary to understand the principles of infection control, to consider the cost/benefit ratio of the measures to be implemented, and most importantly, to comprehend that such measures will not only benefit the health professional and the patient, but the society as a whole.

scholarly journals Are business academics in Australia experiencing emotional labour? A call for empirical research

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Hatzinikolakis ◽  
Joanna Crossman
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Emotional Labor ◽  
Business Schools ◽  
Organizational Level ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Organizational Settings ◽  
Emotional Labour ◽  
Exchange Value ◽  
Workplace Environments

AbstractThe concept of ‘emotional labour’ is concerned with occasions when feelings are managed to create publically observable emotions in organizational settings in ways that involve them being ‘sold for a wage’ and therefore taking on an ‘exchange value’ (Hochschild (1983: 7). Drawing on an in-depth literature review, this paper explore grounds for arguing that business academics in Australia are experiencing emotional labor. The authors consider the application of findings concerned with emotional labor in a variety of occupations in relation to the context of university business schools. More specifically, they discuss how two decades of increasing marketisation, commercialisation and service orientated university practices may have contributed to emotional labor in Australian university business schools. The paper draws two conclusions. Firstly, educational managers need to be better informed about the positive and negative implications of emotional labor so that they can develop appropriate strategies, guidelines and workplace environments at the organizational level. Secondly, that a review of the literature suggests that empirical research is warranted in order to address the question posed in the title of the paper.

scholarly journals The measurement model of Islamic work ethics for Muslim employees in the banking industry

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 66-71
Author(s):  
Gusti Oka Widana
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Banking Industry ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Islamic Banking ◽  
Quality Work ◽  
Work Ethics

Islamic work ethics of Muslim employees is substantial, as many previous studies show its role in the sound performance of the employees. This study aims to propose the measurement model of Islamic work ethics for Muslim employees in the banking industry. This study identifies eight dimensions of Islamic work ethics upon intensive literature review: religiousness, collectivity, equality, effort, quality, work obligation, competition, and advantage. Based on these dimensions and through certain systematic stages, this study develops a measurement consisting of 47 items. The contribution of this study is to provide a more suitable measurement that can be used by following empirical research to assess the profile of Islamic work ethics for Muslim employees, both for Islamic banking and conventional banking.

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