Residual force enhancement during voluntary contractions of knee extensors and flexors at short and long muscle lengths

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 913-918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaeho Shim ◽  
Brian Garner
Keyword(s):  
Knee Extensors ◽  
Force Enhancement ◽  
Residual Force ◽  
Residual Force Enhancement ◽  
Voluntary Contractions

scholarly journals Predictors of residual force enhancement in voluntary contractions of elbow flexors

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 318-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heiliane de Brito Fontana ◽  
Daiani de Campos ◽  
Raphael Luiz Sakugawa
Keyword(s):  
Elbow Flexors ◽  
Force Enhancement ◽  
Residual Force ◽  
Residual Force Enhancement ◽  
Voluntary Contractions

Changes in Fascicle Lengths and Pennation Angles Do Not Contribute to Residual Force Enhancement/Depression in Voluntary Contractions

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Tilp ◽  
Simon Steib ◽  
Gudrun Schappacher-Tilp ◽  
Walter Herzog
Keyword(s):  
Tibialis Anterior ◽  
Fiber Length ◽  
Force Enhancement ◽  
Force Depression ◽  
Muscle Stretching ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Contraction ◽  
Muscle Shortening ◽  
Residual Force ◽  
Residual Force Enhancement ◽  
Voluntary Contractions

Force enhancement following muscle stretching and force depression following muscle shortening are well-accepted properties of skeletal muscle contraction. However, the factors contributing to force enhancement/depression remain a matter of debate. In addition to factors on the fiber or sarcomere level, fiber length and angle of pennation affect the force during voluntary isometric contractions in whole muscles. Therefore, we hypothesized that differences in fiber lengths and angles of pennation between force-enhanced/depressed and reference states may contribute to force enhancement/depression during voluntary contractions. The purpose of this study was to test this hypothesis. Twelve subjects participated in this study, and force enhancement/depression was measured in human tibialis anterior. Fiber lengths and angles of pennation were quantified using ultrasound imaging. Neither fiber lengths nor angles of pennation were found to differ between the isometric reference contractions and any of the force-enhanced or force-depressed conditions. Therefore, we rejected our hypothesis and concluded that differences in fiber lengths or angles of pennation do not contribute to the observed force enhancement/depression in human tibialis anterior, and speculate that this result is likely true for other muscles too.

scholarly journals Residual force enhancement in human skeletal muscles: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daiani de Campos ◽  
Lucas B.R. Orssatto ◽  
Gabriel S. Trajano ◽  
Walter Herzog ◽  
Heiliane de Brito Fontana
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Force Enhancement ◽  
Residual Force ◽  
Residual Force Enhancement ◽  
Human Skeletal Muscles

scholarly journals Modifiability of the history dependence of force through chronic eccentric and concentric biased resistance training

2019 ◽  
Vol 126 (3) ◽  
pp. 647-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jackey Chen ◽  
Geoffrey A. Power
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Isometric Force ◽  
Eccentric Training ◽  
Force Enhancement ◽  
History Dependence ◽  
Force Depression ◽  
Residual Force ◽  
Residual Force Enhancement ◽  
Concentric Training

The increase and decrease in steady-state isometric force following active muscle lengthening and shortening are referred to as residual force enhancement (RFE) and force depression (FD), respectively. The RFE and FD states are associated with decreased (activation reduction; AR) and increased (activation increase; AI) neuromuscular activity, respectively. Although the mechanisms have been discussed over the last 60 years, no studies have systematically investigated the modifiability of RFE and FD with training. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether RFE and FD could be modulated through eccentric and concentric biased resistance training. Fifteen healthy young adult men (age: 24 ± 2 yr, weight: 77 ± 8 kg, height: 178 ± 5 cm) underwent 4 wk of isokinetic dorsiflexion training, in which one leg was trained eccentrically (−25°/s) and the other concentrically (+25°/s) over a 50° ankle excursion. Maximal and submaximal (40% maximum voluntary contraction) steady-state isometric torque and EMG values following active lengthening and shortening were compared to purely isometric values at the same joint angles and torque levels. Residual torque enhancement (rTE) decreased by ~36% after eccentric training ( P < 0.05) and increased by ~89% after concentric training ( P < 0.05), whereas residual torque depression (rTD), AR, AI, and optimal angles for torque production were not significantly altered by resistance training ( P ≥ 0.05). It appears that rTE, but not rTD, for the human ankle dorsiflexors is differentially modifiable through contraction type-dependent resistance training. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The history dependence of force production is a property of muscle unexplained by current cross bridge and sliding filament theories. Whether a muscle is actively lengthened (residual force enhancement; RFE) or shortened (force depression) to a given length, the isometric force should be equal to a purely isometric contraction—but it is not! In this study we show that eccentric training decreased RFE, whereas concentric training increased RFE and converted all nonresponders (i.e., not exhibiting RFE) into responders.

scholarly journals Residual force enhancement in skeletal muscle

2006 ◽  
Vol 574 (3) ◽  
pp. 635-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Herzog ◽  
E. J. Lee ◽  
D. E. Rassier
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Force Enhancement ◽  
Residual Force ◽  
Residual Force Enhancement

scholarly journals Force enhancement after stretch of isolated myofibrils is increased by sarcomere length non-uniformities

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricarda M. Haeger ◽  
Dilson E. Rassier
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Sarcomere Length ◽  
Isometric Force ◽  
Force Production ◽  
Force Enhancement ◽  
Residual Force ◽  
Residual Force Enhancement ◽  
State Force ◽  
Isometric Forces

AbstractWhen a muscle is stretched during a contraction, the resulting steady-state force is higher than the isometric force produced at a comparable sarcomere length. This phenomenon, also referred to as residual force enhancement, cannot be readily explained by the force-sarcomere length relation. One of the most accepted mechanisms for the residual force enhancement is the development of sarcomere length non-uniformities after an active stretch. The aim of this study was to directly investigate the effect of non-uniformities on the force-producing capabilities of isolated myofibrils after they are actively stretched. We evaluated the effect of depleting a single A-band on sarcomere length non-uniformity and residual force enhancement. We observed that sarcomere length non-uniformity was effectively increased following A-band depletion. Furthermore, isometric forces decreased, while the percent residual force enhancement increased compared to intact myofibrils (5% vs. 20%). We conclude that sarcomere length non-uniformities are partially responsible for the enhanced force production after stretch.

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