Two Entangled Electrons How to Link to Each Other?—What’s the Magnetic Force State on Both Sides?

There discovered the maximum possible magnetic induction in nature, equal to the magnetic induction at the poles of an electron’s spin, When the spin magnetic moments of two electrons are close to each other, they act on each other with the maximum possible magnetic induction, and finally entered the maximally entangled state after the energy drops. By this time, the spin magnetic moments on both sides situated in anti-parallel, between them there existed four invisible magnetic circuit, and each magnetic circuit just contain a fluxon. No matter how far the distance between the spins, owing to the inalienability of fluxon, no magnetic flux leakage (coupling degree 100%), so these four magnetic circuit will always existed, maintaining the maximally entangled state system immutably. This is the material basis for the entangled state to be existed, nothing to do with “spooky action at a distance”. In this paper, a visual schematic diagram has drawn to describe these, and the magnetic force state, force relationship and “light barrier” problem are analyzed.

Proofreading experimentally assigned stereochemistry through Q2MM predictions in Pd-catalyzed allylic aminations

The palladium-catalyzed enantioselective allylic substitution by carbon or nitrogen nucleophiles is a key transformation that is particularly useful for the synthesis of bioactive compounds. Unfortunately, the selection of a suitable ligand/substrate combination often requires significant screening effort. Here, we show that a transition state force field (TSFF) derived by the quantum-guided molecular mechanics (Q2MM) method can be used to rapidly screen ligand/substrate combinations. Testing of this method on 77 literature reactions revealed several cases where the computationally predicted major enantiomer differed from the one reported. Interestingly, experimental follow-up led to a reassignment of the experimentally observed configuration. This result demonstrates the power of mechanistically based methods to predict and, where necessary, correct the stereochemical outcome.

Designing Boundaries in Early China

Ancient Chinese walls, such as the Great Wall of China, were not sovereign border lines. Instead, sovereign space was zonally exerted with monarchical powers expressed gradually over an area, based on possibilities for administrative action. The dynamically shifting, ritualized articulation of early Chinese sovereignty affects the interpretation of the spatial application of state force, including its cartographic representations. In Designing Boundaries in Early China, Garret Pagenstecher Olberding draws on a wide array of source materials concerning the territorialization of space to make a compelling case for how sovereign spaces were defined and regulated in this part of the ancient world. By considering the ways sovereignty extended itself across vast expanses in early China, Olberding informs our understanding of the ancient world and the nature of modern nation-states.

A Nonsmooth Quasistatic Modeling Approach for Hydraulic Actuators

This paper presents an analytical approach for modeling the quasistatic characteristics of hydraulic actuators driven by four-valve independent metering circuits. The presented model is described as a nonsmooth, set-valued function from the velocity to the set of forces with which the equilibrium is achieved at the velocity. It is derived from algebraic relations among the velocity of the actuator, the steady-state force generated by the actuator, and the flowrate and the steady-state pressure at all valves in the circuit. This approach is also applied to more involving circuits including a regeneration pipeline and those with multiple actuators. The contribution of the paper can be seen as an example case study of the fact that these complicated circuit structures are analytically tractable through an extension of the conventional hydraulic-electric analogy. The obtained analytical expressions of the steady-state velocity-force relations allow for concise visualization of the actuators' characteristics.

Proofreading Experimentally Assigned Stereochemistry Through Q2MM Predictions in Pd-Catalyzed Allylic Aminations

The palladium-catalyzed enantioselective allylic substitution by carbon or nitrogen nucleophiles is a key transformation that is particularly useful for the synthesis of bioactive compounds. Unfortunately, the selection of a suitable ligand/substrate combination often requires significant screening effort. Here, we show that a transition state force field (TSFF) derived by the quantum-guided molecular mechanics (Q2MM) method can be used to rapidly screen ligand/substrate combinations. Testing of this method on 77 literature reactions revealed several cases where the computationally predicted major enantiomer differed from the one reported. Interestingly, experimental follow-up led to a reassignment of the experimentally observed configuration. This result demonstrates the power of mechanistically based methods to predict and, where necessary, correct the stereochemical outcome.

Politica de securitate națională a României 1990-2020

Security is a complex, multi-dimensional approach context. In broad terms, it represents the ability to protect its citizens. The sole holder of the legitimate right to use intra-state and inter-state force is obliged through the consequence and expression of its sovereignty to protect and guarantee its citizens’ rights and freedoms and ensure the conditions for the exercise of their rights and freedoms. After the dissolution of the communist political and military bloc, security develops as a global concept that tends to include traditional political and military dimensions, new dimensions, such as economic, energy or security, individual rights, and freedoms. This study addresses Romania’s security policy, its evolution after 1990 and until now. The paper aims to highlight Romania’s position as a territory and its role in the regional context regarding security. Its statute as a NATO and E.U. member, and strategic partner of the United States, determined a permanent update of its security policy and proposed objectives, correlated with those of the entities to which it belongs. From the point of view of security policy, Romania has an important geostrategic role and can stand out as a regional leader due to the threats it could be subjected to. The study will highlight that its security policy provides many benefits for the country’s citizens and its institutions.

Fictitious but Not Utopian

This chapter traces the conversion of feudal land tenures into private agricultural property in the immediate post-Independence period, a subsequent phase of agricultural corporatism, and the recent subsumption of agrarian land into the current regime of urban rent-seeking. It clarifies the meaning and defends the utility of Karl Polanyi's conception of land as a fictitious commodity. Drawing on historical and ethnographic research into processes of land commodification and dispossession in rural northwest India, the chapter argues that Polanyi's conception of land as a fictitious commodity helps to explain why state action — including but not limited to dispossession — is an important mechanism for transforming land into a commodity. The chapter then reveals different configurations of state force were required to disembed land, first, from a feudal regime, then from the joint family, and finally from regulated agricultural developmentalism. Underlying each of these transformations were particular narratives of land's social function — as symbol of sovereign power, as grounds for productivist nation building, and ultimately as a source of foreign investment. The chapter employs this historical analysis to offer a sociological reconstruction of Polanyi's concept of fictitiousness, elucidating the unique challenges of commodifying land and the crucial role of extra-economic forces in the process.

Stereoselectivity Predictions for the Pd-Catalyzed 1,4-Conjugate Addition Using Q2MM

The parameterization of a transition state force field for the title reaction is described. Validation for 82 literature examples leads to a MUE of 1.8 kJ/mol and an R2 of 0.877 between computed and experimental stereoselectivities. The use if the TSFF is demonstrated for a virtual library of 27 ligands and 59 enones. <br>

Stereoselectivity Predictions for the Pd-Catalyzed 1,4-Conjugate Addition Using Q2MM

The parameterization of a transition state force field for the title reaction is described. Validation for 82 literature examples leads to a MUE of 1.8 kJ/mol and an R2 of 0.877 between computed and experimental stereoselectivities. The use if the TSFF is demonstrated for a virtual library of 27 ligands and 59 enones. <br>