One-pot conversion of oil palm empty fruit bunch and mesocarp fiber biomass to levulinic acid and upgrading to ethyl levulinate via indium trichloride-ionic liquids

2017 ◽  
Vol 168 ◽  
pp. 1251-1261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Wei Tiong ◽  
Chiew Lin Yap ◽  
Suyin Gan ◽  
Winnie Soo Ping Yap
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Levulinic Acid ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Ethyl Levulinate

scholarly journals Hydrolysis Kinetics of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch in Ionic Liquids and Cellulase Integrated System

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Amal A. M. Elgharbawy ◽  
Md. Zahangir Alam ◽  
Muhammad Moniruzzaman ◽  
Hamzah Mohd. Salleh
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Cellulase Activity ◽  
Hydrolytic Activity ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Lignocellulose Conversion ◽  
Noncompetitive Inhibitor ◽  
High Conversion Yield

Ionic liquids (ILs) are developing as potential solvents in lignocellulose solvation, which enables cellulase accessibility into the substrate. Nevertheless, ILs could result in enzyme deactivation because of the high polarity. Therefore, developing a system of ILs-compatible cellulase (IL-E) to promote lignocellulose conversion into sugars is a challenge in ILs applications. This study used an IL-E to attain high conversion yield of sugars from oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB). Cellulase (Tr-Cel) from Trichoderma reesei was stable in the ILs, 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium diethyl phosphate [EMIM]DEP and choline acetate [Cho]OAc. The inhibition and deactivation of cellulase were evaluated using the model substrate, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and EFB as a lignocellulosic material to assess the hydrolytic activity. The enzyme kinetics revealed that [Cho]OAc acted as a noncompetitive inhibitor. Additionally, [EMIM]DEP may not be considered as an inhibitor as it increases the Vmax and does not significantly affect the KM. In both cases, the study proved that IL did not result in a severe loss of cellulase activity, which is a promising outcome for one-pot hydrolysis of lignocellulosic materials.

A structure–activity relationship study using DFT analysis of Bronsted–Lewis acidic ionic liquids and synergistic effect of dual acidity in one-pot conversion of glucose to value-added chemicals

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 1423-1430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Firdaus Parveen ◽  
Tanmoy Patra ◽  
Sreedevi Upadhyayula
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Levulinic Acid ◽  
Value Added ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Structure Activity ◽  
Acidic Ionic Liquids ◽  
Commercially Important ◽  
Relationship Study

The catalytic conversion of biomass-derived carbohydrates to value-added chemicals, such as 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, levulinic acid, and formic acid, is a commercially important reaction and requires the use of both Lewis and Bronsted acids.

OPTIMIZATION STUDIES OF OIL PALM EMPTY FRUIT BUNCH LIQUEFACTION FOR CARBON CRYOGEL PRODUCTION AS CATALYST IN LEVULINIC ACID ESTERIFICATION

2018 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muzakkir Mohammad Zainol ◽  
Nor Aishah Saidina Amin ◽  
Mohd Asmadi
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Levulinic Acid ◽  
Condensation Reaction ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Esterification Reaction ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Carbon Cryogel ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
Poly Condensation ◽  
Acid Esterification

Liquefaction of oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) using 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride was investigated in this study. The experiments were designed based on central composite by response surface methodology (RSM). The optimum conditions for the predicted liquefied EFB yield of 80.97 wt% was obtained at the temperature of 151.9 °C, a reaction time of 112.78 min and a ratio (Ionic liquid to EFB) of 4.27. The Regression coefficient (R2) for the model was 0.90 indicating a high correlation between observed and predicted values. The liquefied EFB mixture was used in the preparation of carbon cryogel via a sol-gel poly-condensation reaction and calcination process. The presence of sulfuric acid during the gel synthesis promoted an active site on the gel linkage and surface. The carbon cryogel prepared was tested as catalyst in an esterification reaction. The conversion of levulinic acid and yield of ethyl levulinate were reported as 58.7% ansd 57.2 mol%, respectively.

scholarly journals Biosynthesis of Commodity Chemicals From Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Lignin

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tat-Ming Lo ◽  
In Young Hwang ◽  
Han-Saem Cho ◽  
Raissa Eka Fedora ◽  
Si Hui Chng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Levulinic Acid ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Value Added ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Commodity Chemicals ◽  
Commercially Important ◽  
Derivatives Of

Lignin is one of the most abundant natural resources that can be exploited for the bioproduction of value-added commodity chemicals. Oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFBs), byproducts of palm oil production, are abundant lignocellulosic biomass but largely used for energy and regarded as waste. Pretreatment of OPEFB lignin can yield a mixture of aromatic compounds that can potentially serve as substrates to produce commercially important chemicals. However, separation of the mixture into desired individual substrates is required, which involves expensive steps that undermine the utility of OPEFB lignin. Here, we report successful engineering of microbial hosts that can directly utilize heterogeneous mixtures derived from OPEFB lignin to produce commodity chemicals, adipic acid and levulinic acid. Furthermore, the corresponding bioconversion pathway was placed under a genetic controller to autonomously activate the conversion process as the cells are fed with a depolymerized OPEFB lignin mixture. This study demonstrates a simple, one-pot biosynthesis approach that directly utilizes derivatives of agricultural waste to produce commodity chemicals.

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