palm oil mill effluent
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Fermentation ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Karthick Murugan Palanisamy ◽  
Gaanty Pragas Maniam ◽  
Ahmad Ziad Sulaiman ◽  
Mohd Hasbi Ab. Rahim ◽  
Natanamurugaraj Govindan ◽  
...  

Biomass and lipid production by the marine centric diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana were characterized in media based on palm oil mill effluent (POME) as a source of key nutrients. The optimal medium comprised 20% by volume POME, 80 µM Na2SiO3, and 35 g NaCl L−1 in water at pH ~7.7. In 15-day batch cultures (16:8 h/h light–dark cycle; 200 µmol photons m−2 s−1, 26 ± 1 °C) bubbled continuously with air mixed with CO2 (2.5% by vol), the peak concentration of dry biomass was 869 ± 14 mg L−1 corresponding to a productivity of ~58 mg L−1 day−1. The neutral lipid content of the biomass was 46.2 ± 1.1% by dry weight. The main components of the esterified lipids were palmitoleic acid methyl ester (31.6% w/w) and myristic acid methyl ester (16.8% w/w). The final biomass concentration and the lipid content were affected by the light–dark cycle. Continuous (24 h light) illumination at the above-specified irradiance reduced biomass productivity to ~54 mg L−1 day−1 and lipid content to 38.1%.


2022 ◽  
pp. 369-386
Author(s):  
Safa Senan Mahmod ◽  
Peer Mohamed Abdul ◽  
Jamaliah Md. Jahim

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-59
Author(s):  
Farah Afiqah Shafiee ◽  
Helmi Wasoh ◽  
Murni Halim ◽  
Mohamad Zulfazli Mohd Sobri ◽  
Amalia Mohd Hashim

Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) final discharge has a risk to the ecosystem due to various harmful contaminants including organic and inorganic materials. In this study, biological monitoring method was used to evaluate the toxicity effects of POME final discharge using Daphnia magna. The physical and chemical nature of toxicants present in the effluent were characterized through acute Whole Effluent Toxicity (WET), and Toxicity Identification Evaluation (TIE) tests. The Toxicity Unit (TU) and median lethal concentration (LC50) of the POME sample were 11.09 and 9.02% (v/v) respectively. From TIE test, the toxicants present in the effluent can be characterized as filterable and oxidisable through filtration and aeration treatment. The presence of cationic metals, chlorine and disinfection by-products were also determined by the toxicity reduction of the effluent after treatment using ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and sodium thiosulphate. From TIE test, the filtration treatment at pH 10 of the POME final discharge was the most effective method in reducing the toxicity of the effluent with a value of TU, 1.16 and LC50, 86.34% (v/v). It is recommended that biological tests using Daphnia magna can be made as potential methods to indicate the effects of POME final discharge to the aquatic ecosystem.


Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Adeleke A. Oyekanmi ◽  
Mohammed B. Alshammari ◽  
Mohamad Nasir Mohamad Ibrahim ◽  
Marlia Mohd Hanafiah ◽  
Ashraf Y. Elnaggar ◽  
...  

The reduction of chemical oxygen demand (COD) from palm oil mill effluent (POME) is very significant to ensure aquatic protection and the environment. Continuous adsorption of COD in a fixed bed column can be an effective treatment process for its reduction prior to discharge. Adsorption capacity of bone derived biocomposite synthesized from fresh cow bones, zeolite, and coconut shells for the reduction in the organic pollutant parameter was investigated in this study in a fixed bed column. The effect of influent flow rate (1.4, 2.0, and 2.6 mL/min) was determined at an influent pH 7. The optimum bed capacity on the fabricated composite of surface area of 251.9669 m2/g was obtained at 1.4 mL/min at breakthrough time of 5.15 h influent POME concentration. The experimental data were fitted to Thomas, Adams–Bohart, and Yoon–Nelson models fixed bed adsorption models. It was revealed that the results fitted well to the Adams Bohart model with a correlation coefficient of R2 > 0.96 at different influent concentration. Adsorption rate constant was observed to increase at lower flow rate influent concentration, resulting in longer empty bed contact time (EBCT) for the mass transfer zone of the column to reach the outlet of the effluent concentration. In general, the overall kinetics of adsorption indicated that the reduction in COD from POME using a bone-biocomposite was effective at the initial stage of adsorption. The pore diffusion model better described the breakthrough characteristics for COD reduction with high correlation coefficient. Shorter breakthrough time compared to EBCT before regeneration indicated that the bone composite was suitable and effective for the reduction in COD from POME using fixed bed column adsorption.


2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 671-676
Author(s):  
Darwin ◽  
Novi Diana ◽  
Mardhotillah ◽  
Atmadian Pratama

The performance of anaerobic co-digestion of cow manure and POME was evaluated. The anaerobic composting process was carried out by using semi-continuous reactors under the mesophilic condition (35 ± 1℃). The addition of POME to the on-going anaerobic composting of cow manure was applied stepwise within a cycle of HRT (20 days). Results showed that the anaerobic co-digestion reactor could produce methane at about six times higher (7.2 L CH4) than the control reactor (1.3 L CH4). An increasing of POME loaded to the on-going anaerobic composting cow manure culture (4% to 64%) did not affect pH of the culture in which pH was still stable between 7.11 and 7.5. Assessment of biodegradation efficiency revealed that nitrogen removal of the anaerobic co-digestion reactor was six times higher (21%) than the nitrogen removal of the control reactor (3.4%). This suggested that the anaerobic co-digestion reactor performed sufficiently well in which no organic acid as well as ammonia accumulated in the reactor that could be effective to decompose the organic matters.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 13665
Author(s):  
Jasmine Sie Ming Tiong ◽  
Yi Jing Chan ◽  
Jun Wei Lim ◽  
Mardawani Mohamad ◽  
Chii-Dong Ho ◽  
...  

Food waste (FW) utilized as substrate for anaerobic digestion (AD) to produce biogas is promising. Simultaneously, waste is handled and value-added products such as biogas and fertilizer are produced. Palm oil mill effluent (POME) is used as the co-substrate. This study aims to simulate the complete process flow of anaerobic co-digestion (AcoD), consisting of pre-treatment of feedstock, biogas upgrading, wastewater treatment and sludge dying using SuperPro Designer. Parameters, namely hydraulic retention time (HRT), recycle ratio of sludge, water to FW ratio (kg/kg) and co-substrate to FW ratio (kg/kg), would affect the performance of digester. The optimization of these parameters is performed using Design-Expert software, involving response surface methodology (RSM). The effects on responses such as methane flow, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and volatile solid (VS) removal efficiencies are analyzed. In treating 25,000 kg/h of feed, the optimized values for HRT, recycle ratio, water to feedstock ratio, POME to FW ratio are 37.2 days, 0.381, 0.027 and 0.004, respectively. The methane yield is 0.30 L CH4/g of COD removed, with COD and VS removal efficiencies of 81.5% and 68.9%, respectively. The project is profitable, with a payback period of 6.14 years and net present value (NPV) of $5,680,000. A comprehensive understanding of AD matures it for commercialization purposes.


Author(s):  
Muhamad Maulana Azimatun Nur ◽  
Avido Yuliestyan ◽  
Fauzan Irfandy ◽  
Tutik Muji Setyoningrum

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