Double paddy rice conversion to maize–paddy rice reduces carbon footprint and enhances net carbon sink

2020 ◽  
Vol 258 ◽  
pp. 120643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenhui Jiang ◽  
Jingdong Lin ◽  
Yizhen Liu ◽  
Chaoyang Mo ◽  
Jingping Yang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Paddy Rice ◽  
Net Carbon Sink

Evidence of Stabilized Peat as a Net Carbon Sink

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 04019005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan R. Duggan ◽  
Bryan A. McCabe ◽  
Jamie Goggins ◽  
Eoghan Clifford
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Net Carbon Sink

scholarly journals Large and seasonally varying biospheric CO2 fluxes in the Los Angeles megacity revealed by atmospheric radiocarbon

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (43) ◽  
pp. 26681-26687 ◽  
Author(s):  
John B. Miller ◽  
Scott J. Lehman ◽  
Kristal R. Verhulst ◽  
Charles E. Miller ◽  
Riley M. Duren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Mediterranean Ecosystems ◽  
Urban Vegetation ◽  
Human Metabolism ◽  
Water Usage ◽  
Reliable Methods ◽  
Net Carbon Sink

Measurements of Δ14C and CO2 can cleanly separate biogenic and fossil contributions to CO2 enhancements above background. Our measurements of these tracers in air around Los Angeles in 2015 reveal high values of fossil CO2 and a significant and seasonally varying contribution of CO2 from the urban biosphere. The biogenic CO2 is composed of sources such as biofuel combustion and human metabolism and an urban biospheric component likely originating from urban vegetation, including turf and trees. The urban biospheric component is a source in winter and a sink in summer, with an estimated amplitude of 4.3 parts per million (ppm), equivalent to 33% of the observed annual mean fossil fuel contribution of 13 ppm. While the timing of the net carbon sink is out of phase with wintertime rainfall and the sink seasonality of Southern California Mediterranean ecosystems (which show maximum uptake in spring), it is in phase with the seasonal cycle of urban water usage, suggesting that irrigated urban vegetation drives the biospheric signal we observe. Although 2015 was very dry, the biospheric seasonality we observe is similar to the 2006–2015 mean derived from an independent Δ14C record in the Los Angeles area, indicating that 2015 biospheric exchange was not highly anomalous. The presence of a large and seasonally varying biospheric signal even in the relatively dry climate of Los Angeles implies that atmospheric estimates of fossil fuel–CO2 emissions in other, potentially wetter, urban areas will be biased in the absence of reliable methods to separate fossil and biogenic CO2.

Carbon footprint of crop production in China: an analysis of National Statistics data

2014 ◽  
Vol 153 (3) ◽  
pp. 422-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. CHENG ◽  
M. YAN ◽  
D. NAYAK ◽  
G. X. PAN ◽  
P. SMITH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Paddy Rice ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Carbon Equivalent ◽  
Ghg Mitigation ◽  
Application Rates

SUMMARYAssessing carbon footprint (CF) of crop production in a whole crop life-cycle could provide insights into the contribution of crop production to climate change and help to identify possible greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation options. In the current study, data for the major crops of China were collected from the national statistical archive on cultivation area, yield, application rates of fertilizer, pesticide, diesel, plastic film, irrigated water, etc. The CF of direct and indirect carbon emissions associated with or caused by these agricultural inputs was quantified with published emission factors. In general, paddy rice, wheat, maize and soybean of China had mean CFs of 2472, 794, 781 and 222 kg carbon equivalent (CE)/ha, and 0·37, 0·14, 0·12 and 0·10 kg CE/kg product, respectively. For dry crops (i.e. those grown without flooding the fields: wheat, maize and soybean), 0·78 of the total CFs was contributed by nitrogen (N) fertilizer use, including both direct soil nitrous oxide (N2O) emission and indirect emissions from N fertilizer manufacture. Meanwhile, direct methane (CH4) emissions contributed 0·69 on average to the total CFs of flooded paddy rice. Moreover, the difference in N fertilizer application rates explained 0·86–0·93 of the provincial variations of dry crop CFs while that in CH4 emissions could explain 0·85 of the provincial variation of paddy rice CFs. When a 30% reduction in N fertilization was considered, a potential reduction in GHGs of 60 megatonne (Mt) carbon dioxide equivalent from production of these crops was projected. The current work highlights opportunities to gain GHG emission reduction in production of crops associated with good management practices in China.

scholarly journals Low soil organic carbon storage in a subarctic alpine permafrost environment

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 3493-3524 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Fuchs ◽  
P. Kuhry ◽  
G. Hugelius
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Vegetation Zones ◽  
Permafrost Environment ◽  
Recent Origin ◽  
Thawing Permafrost ◽  
Organic Carbon Storage ◽  
Net Carbon Sink

Abstract. This study investigates the soil organic carbon (SOC) storage in Tarfala Valley, Northern Sweden. Field inventories upscaled based on land cover show that this alpine permafrost environment does not store large amounts of SOC, with an estimate mean of 0.9 ± 0.2 kg C m−2 for the upper meter of soil. This is one to two orders of magnitude lower than what has been reported for lowland permafrost terrain. The SOC storage varies for different land cover classes and ranges from 0.05 kg C m−2 for stone-dominated to 8.4 kg C m−2 for grass-dominated areas. No signs of organic matter burial through cryoturbation or slope processes were found and radiocarbon dated SOC is generally of recent origin (<2000 cal yr BP). An inventory of permafrost distribution in Tarfala Valley, based on bottom temperature of snow measurements and a ogistic regression model, showed that at an altitude where permafrost is probable, the SOC storage is very low. In the high altitude permafrost zones (above 1500 m), soils store only ca 0.1 kg C m−2. Under future climate warming an upward shift of vegetation zones may lead to a net ecosystem C uptake from increased biomass and soil development. As a consequence, alpine permafrost environments could act as a net carbon sink in the future, as there is no loss of older or deeper SOC from thawing permafrost.

scholarly journals Environmental Performance of Soapberry (Sapindus Mukorossi Gaertn.) Cultivation in Southeast China based on a Life Cycle Assessment: A Potential Feedstock for Forest-based Biodiesel

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiqi Liu ◽  
Jiming Liu ◽  
Yuan Gao ◽  
Benye Xi ◽  
Zhong Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Potassium Fertilizer ◽  
Southeast China ◽  
Primary Energy Demand ◽  
Net Carbon Sink

Abstract Sapindus mukorossi G. has been considered as a potential feedstock for forest-based biodiesel in China. To optimize the cultivation of soapberry and ensure its sustainable supply, an environmental life cycle assessment (LCA) was conducted using a chronological approach combined with extrapolation. Soapberry plantations with two degrees of cultivation intensities were comparatively analyzed. For the studied environmental categories, nitrogen fertilization accounted for half or more of the global warming potential, primary energy demand, acidification and eutrophication potential. The main contributors to ozone depletion were pesticides and potassium fertilizer. The plantations with a relatively low cultivation intensity presented better environmental performance, mainly due to the lower input of fertilizers, but they are not a priority choice for soapberry cultivation because of low yield. Stakeholders should focus on how to reduce the environmental impacts of the plantations with a relatively high cultivation intensity in this area. Overall, classified management, increasing the yield, reducing the inputs of chemicals and decreasing the unproductive years are the key ways to improve the environmental performance of soapberry cultivation in Southeast China. Woody biomass carbon should be included in LCAs, and 3.71-5.11 t CO2 can be fixed by soapberry plantations per ha year, indicating that soapberry cultivation provides a net carbon sink.

scholarly journals Carbon Footprint of Built Features and Planting Works during Construction, Maintenance and Renewal Stages at Urban Parks in Petaling Jaya, Selangor

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurzuliza Jamirsah ◽  
Ismail Said ◽  
Badrulzaman Jaafar ◽  
Mohd Haniff Mohd Hassani
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Urban Parks ◽  
Urban Park ◽  
Park Management ◽  
Continued Use ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Co2 Release

Carbon emissions in Malaysia are escalating due to rapid urbanisation wherein their sources are claimed to be generated by the construction industry, including urban park development. Upon completion of the urban park project, the vegetation will supposedly function immediately as a carbon sequester. However, the processes of building, maintaining, and renewing built features and plantings can emit additional carbon dioxide (CO2) than the storage. Rigorous CO2 release across the maintenance and renewal stages may be contributed by park management activities, such as planting grooming, built feature rectification, and park maintenance works. This study investigated carbon footprint derived from built features and planting works during the construction, maintenance, and renewal stages of park management. Taman Bandaran Kelana Jaya and Taman Aman Petaling Jaya were chosen as the study sites as they were located at urban areas. Continued use of the parks resulted in a swift deterioration of its facilities, whereby this scenario would ensure recurrent maintenance and renewal works were conducted for them. As-built drawings were utilised to identify the lists of inventories and work breakdown structure for every built feature and planting work to approximate the indirect CO2 emissions, which was aided by EToolLCD software. This study revealed that the amount of CO2 sequestered by the manicured vegetation was only 28.7% out of the total CO2 emission produced since its construction stage. Hence, urban parks can be perceived as a carbon source instead of a carbon sink medium.

scholarly journals Net carbon sink of China was overestimated by more than 35%

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaochao Du ◽  
Xiaoyong Bai ◽  
yangbing Li ◽  
Qiu Tan ◽  
Cuiwei Zhao Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fires ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Carbon Neutrality ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Reactive Carbon ◽  
Source Sink ◽  
Global Carbon ◽  
Net Carbon Sink

Abstract As a carbon source/sink of atmospheric carbon dioxide, the net regional carbon budget (NRCB) of terrestrial ecosystems is very important to effect global warming, especially China with the largest emissions at present. However, the carbon consumption is difficult to measure accurately, which is caused by the emissions of CH4 and CO, the utilization of agriculture, forestry and grass, and the emissions from rivers and other physical processes, such as forest fires. Therefore, the spatial patterns and driving factors of NRCB are not clear. Here, we used multi-source data to estimate the NRCB of 31 provincial administrative divisions of China and to develop NRCB datasets from 2000 to 2018. We found that the average of NRCB was 669 TgC yr−1, and it significantly decreased at a rate of 2.56 TgC yr−1. The relative contribution rates of fluxes of emissions from anthropogenic (FEAD), reactive carbon and creature ingestion (FERCCI), autotrophic respiration (Ra), heterotrophic respiration (Rh) and natural disturbances (FEND) were 35.17%, 26.09%, 19.68%, 17.38% and 1.68% respectively. In addition, NRCB datasets of the different administrative regions of China were mapped. These datasets will provide support for China's carbon neutrality and the study of the global carbon cycle.

The climatic-induced net carbon sink by terrestrial biosphere over 1901–1995

2001 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 1192-1206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Xin ◽  
Wang Mingxing ◽  
Huang Yao
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Terrestrial Biosphere ◽  
Net Carbon Sink
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