The search for the holy grail: Criminogenic needs matching, intervention dosage, and subsequent recidivism among serious juvenile offenders in residential placement

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 46-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael T. Baglivio ◽  
Kevin T. Wolff ◽  
James C. Howell ◽  
Katherine Jackowski ◽  
Mark A. Greenwald
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Offenders ◽  
Residential Placement ◽  
Holy Grail ◽  
Criminogenic Needs ◽  
Intervention Dosage

Reliability and Validity Analyses of the Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory

2005 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred Schmidt ◽  
Robert D. Hoge ◽  
Lezlie Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Offenders ◽  
Case Management ◽  
Interrater Reliability ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Level Of Service ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Criminogenic Needs ◽  
Health Assessments ◽  
Males And Females

The Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (YLS/CMI) is a structured assessment tool designed to facilitate the effective intervention and rehabilitation of juvenile offenders by assessing each youth’s risk level and criminogenic needs. The present study examined the YLS/CMI’s reliability and validity in a sample of 107 juvenile offenders who were court-referred for mental health assessments. Results demonstrated the YLS/CMI’s internal consistency and interrater reliability. Moreover, the instrument’s predictive validity was substantiated on a number of recidivism measures for both males and females. Limitations of the current findings are discussed.

Evaluating RNR-Based Targeted Treatment and Intervention Dosage in the Context of Traumatic Exposure

2021 ◽  
pp. 154120402098857
Author(s):  
Michael T. Baglivio ◽  
Haley Zettler ◽  
Jessica M. Craig ◽  
Kevin T. Wolff
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Justice ◽  
Residential Placement ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Dynamic Risk Factors ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Dynamic Risk ◽  
Traumatic Exposure ◽  
Adequate Dosage ◽  
Justice Practice ◽  
Intervention Dosage

Best practices in juvenile justice call for the individualized matching of services to assessed dynamic risk factors, with services delivered at sufficient dosage. However, prior work has largely ignored whether this recipe for recidivism reduction is as effective for adolescents with extensive traumatic exposure as it is for those without. The current study leverages a statewide sample of 1,666 juveniles released from residential placement (84.6% male, 59.8% Black, 11.9% Hispanic). We examine the associations of individual-level service matching and achieving dosage targets established by Lipsey’s Standardized Program Evaluation Protocol (SPEP) during residential placement with changes in dynamic risk during placement and recidivism post-release among juveniles with extensive adverse childhood experiences (ACE) exposure and those without. Results demonstrate heightened traumatic exposure is related to smaller reductions in dynamic risk and to an increased probability of reoffending, but that youth receiving matched services coupled with adequate dosage leads to greater treatment progress (dynamic risk reduction) and lower recidivism post-release for both low-ACE and high-ACE youth. Implications for juvenile justice practice and policy are discussed.

The Interrelationship Between Empathy and Adverse Childhood Experiences and Their Impact on Juvenile Recidivism

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-67
Author(s):  
Chelsey Narvey ◽  
Jennifer Yang ◽  
Kevin T. Wolff ◽  
Michael Baglivio ◽  
Alex R. Piquero
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Offenders ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
Juvenile Recidivism ◽  
Residential Placement ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Traumatic Exposure ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
The Impact

Low empathy has been implicated in antisocial, aggressive, and criminal behavior, especially among adolescents. Less understood is the extent to which empathy is amenable to treatment, and whether an improvement in empathy can mitigate the deleterious effects of known risk factors, such as childhood maltreatment. A sample of 11,000 serious juvenile offenders in long-term residential placement is leveraged to examine whether over cumulative traumatic exposure, measured by the adverse childhood experience (ACE) score, is associated with the initial level of empathy at admission to a residential program, and whether changes in empathy during treatment moderate the impact of ACEs on juvenile recidivism. Results show youth with higher ACE scores have less empathy at admission and both ACEs and empathy predict recidivism. Most importantly, large gains in empathy are able to dampen the effect of ACEs on recidivism.

The Effects of Changes in Dynamic Risk on Reoffending among Serious Juvenile Offenders Returning from Residential Placement

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael T. Baglivio ◽  
Kevin T. Wolff ◽  
Alex R. Piquero ◽  
Matt DeLisi ◽  
Michael G. Vaughn
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Offenders ◽  
Residential Placement ◽  
Dynamic Risk

All in the Family: An Examination of the Predictors of Visitation Among Committed Juvenile Offenders

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-77
Author(s):  
Brae Campion Young ◽  
Carter Hay
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Juvenile Offenders ◽  
Administrative Data ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Residential Placement ◽  
The Family ◽  
Using Data

Scholarship highlights the importance of visitation in improving the lives of prisoners across numerous domains including mental health, adjustment to confinement, and postrelease success. Although research on adult inmates has examined factors that predict visitation, no such study exists for juvenile offenders. Moreover, because this existing research has relied largely on administrative data, no study has examined how family and social contexts affect visitation. Using data collected on 2,345 youth who completed residential placement in Florida, the current study examined how qualities and histories of offenders and their families affect the likelihood, consistency, and sequencing of visits for juvenile offenders. The results suggest that youth’s demographics and offending histories, as well as their family backgrounds and relationships, affect visitation. Directions for future research and implications for policy and practice are discussed.

A Multilevel Examination of Risk/Need Change Scores, Community Context, and Successful Reentry of Committed Juvenile Offenders

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael T. Baglivio ◽  
Kevin T. Wolff ◽  
Katherine Jackowski ◽  
Mark A. Greenwald
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Offenders ◽  
Needs Assessment ◽  
Contextual Effects ◽  
Current Theory ◽  
Community Context ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Residential Placement ◽  
Change Scores ◽  
Dynamic Risk ◽  
Community Contexts

Current theory and practice dictates the use of risk/needs assessment to guide programming to reduce reoffending. Limited research has examined assessment change scores and recidivism, none examining whether such changes moderate the effects of deleterious community contexts. We examine a multiyear statewide sample of juvenile offenders returning to the community from residential placement ( N = 12,302). We address whether changes in dynamic risk/needs scores predict official recidivism upon return, community socioeconomic contexts predict recidivism, and which risk/needs changes moderate the effects of context. Findings reveal 6 of the 17 change scores affect reoffending, context matters, and some change scores moderate contextual effects.

Predicting Recidivism Among Released Juvenile Offenders in Florida

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carter Hay ◽  
Alex O. Widdowson ◽  
Meg Bates ◽  
Michael T. Baglivio ◽  
Katherine Jackowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Offenders ◽  
Predictive Validity ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
The United States ◽  
Assessment Instrument ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Residential Placement ◽  
Risk Assessment Instrument ◽  
Risk Monitoring ◽  
Predictive Risk

Each year in the United States, as many as 100,000 juvenile offenders are released after completing a residential placement. A significant task for researchers is to identify the factors that explain variations in recidivism. This study considers this by evaluating the predictive validity of the Residential Positive Achievement Change Tool (R-PACT), a fourth-generation risk assessment instrument adopted by Florida for use in all of its juvenile residential facilities. The R-PACT includes a wide variety of static and dynamic risk and needs scales that are used here to predict reoffending among 4,700 released juvenile offenders in Florida. We devote special attention to (1) whether R-PACT scales typically predict reoffending and (2) whether the R-PACT’s predictive validity varies across different subgroups of offenders. In considering these questions, we also consider whether the predictive risk and protective factors in prior research are predictive in the R-PACT as well. The analysis revealed relatively strong support for the R-PACT, but there were nuanced exceptions to that pattern. We discuss the implications these findings have for assessing risk, monitoring progress among residential youth, and predicting reoffending.

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