Limited by harsh reaction conditions, the activation and utilization of methane were regarded as holy grail reaction. Co-reaction with methanol, successfully realizing mild conversion below 450 °C, provides practical strategies for methane conversion on metal-loaded ZSM-5 zeolites, especially for highly efficient Zn loaded ones. However, Zn species, regarded as active acid sites on the zeolite, have not been sufficiently studied. In this paper, Zn-loaded ZSM-5 zeolite was prepared, and Zn was modified by capacity, loading strategy, and treating atmosphere. Apparent methane conversion achieves 15.3% for 1.0Zn/Z-H2 (16.8% as calculated net conversion) with a significantly reduced loading of 1.0 wt.% against deactivation, which is among the best within related zeolite materials. Besides, compared to the MTA reaction, the addition of methane promotes the high-valued aromatic production from 49.4% to 54.8%, and inhibits the C10+ production from 7.8% to 3.6%. Notably, Zn2+ is found to be another active site different from the reported ZnOH+. Medium strong acid sites are proved to be beneficial for methane activation. This work provides suggestions for the modification of the Zn active site, in order to prepare highly efficient catalysts for methane activation and BTX production in co-reaction with methanol.
The holy grail of pyrene-based surface ligands on the sensitivity of graphene-based field effect transistors
