Adventure tourism motivation and destination loyalty: A comparison of decision and non-decision makers

<p>To enhance the understanding of tourists behavior and to provide some suggestions for a sustainable development of cultural and heritage tourism in Macao, data of this study were collected from Macao cultural and heritage tourists who are visiting famous attractions in the historic center of Macao, to observe the tourism motivation, perceived value, and destination loyalty of cultural and heritage tourists in Macao. In this study, the results of factor analysis of cultural and heritage tourism motivation show that tourists’ perceived value, which contains three dimensions: scenic value, knowledge value, and social value. These dimensions can be considered as the primary indicators of perceived value which positively influence tourists’ destination loyalty. It is worth noting that the direct effect value of cultural and heritage tourism motivation to destination loyalty through perceived value is greater than tourism motivation’s direct effect on destination loyalty. Therefore, some suggestions have been put forward for the sustainable development of cultural and heritage tourism in Macao. Firstly, attractiveness cultural heritage in Macao should be designed and highlighted according to tourists’ tourism motivation. Secondly, the unique value proposition should be proposed from different dimensions of tourists’ perceived value, allowing tourists to experience the differences of Macao from other destinations. Finally, great importance should also be attached to the management of tourists’ perceived value other than just continuously increasing the attractiveness of cultural heritage itself based on tourists’ tourism motivation, which has an indirect influence on destination loyalty to make publicity for the destination voluntarily of tourists.</p>

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EURRECAs Approach for Estimating Micronutrient Requirements

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831/a000071 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 81 (4) ◽

pp. 256-263 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Christophe Matthys ◽

Pieter van ‘t Veer ◽

Lisette de Groot ◽

Lee Hooper ◽

Adriënne E.J.M. Cavelaars ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Reference Values ◽

Policy Decision ◽

Individual Variability ◽

The Body ◽

Decision Makers ◽

Nutrient Requirements ◽

Factorial Approach ◽

Dietary Reference Values ◽

Health Policy Decision ◽

Quantitative Integration

In Europe, micronutrient dietary reference values have been established by (inter)national committees of experts and are used by public health policy decision-makers to monitor and assess the adequacy of diets within population groups. The approaches used to derive dietary reference values (including average requirements) vary considerably across countries, and so far no evidence-based reason has been identified for this variation. Nutrient requirements are traditionally based on the minimum amount of a nutrient needed by an individual to avoid deficiency, and is defined by the bodys physiological needs. Alternatively the requirement can be defined as the intake at which health is optimal, including the prevention of chronic diet-related diseases. Both approaches are confronted with many challenges (e. g., bioavailability, inter and intra-individual variability). EURRECA has derived a transparent approach for the quantitative integration of evidence on Intake-Status-Health associations and/or Factorial approach (including bioavailability) estimates. To facilitate the derivation of dietary reference values, EURopean micronutrient RECommendations Aligned (EURRECA) is developing a process flow chart to guide nutrient requirement-setting bodies through the process of setting dietary reference values, which aims to facilitate the scientific alignment of deriving these values.

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Haunted by a Doppelgänger

Experimental Psychology (formerly Zeitschrift für Experimentelle Psychologie) ◽

10.1027/1618-3169/a000221 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 61 (1) ◽

pp. 12-22 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Bettina von Helversen ◽

Stefan M. Herzog ◽

Jörg Rieskamp

Keyword(s):

Relevant Information ◽

Psychological Research ◽

Decision Makers ◽

Human Judgment ◽

Rule Based ◽

New Employees ◽

High Performing ◽

Facial Similarity ◽

Similarity Effect ◽

Judgment Strategy

Judging other people is a common and important task. Every day professionals make decisions that affect the lives of other people when they diagnose medical conditions, grant parole, or hire new employees. To prevent discrimination, professional standards require that decision makers render accurate and unbiased judgments solely based on relevant information. Facial similarity to previously encountered persons can be a potential source of bias. Psychological research suggests that people only rely on similarity-based judgment strategies if the provided information does not allow them to make accurate rule-based judgments. Our study shows, however, that facial similarity to previously encountered persons influences judgment even in situations in which relevant information is available for making accurate rule-based judgments and where similarity is irrelevant for the task and relying on similarity is detrimental. In two experiments in an employment context we show that applicants who looked similar to high-performing former employees were judged as more suitable than applicants who looked similar to low-performing former employees. This similarity effect was found despite the fact that the participants used the relevant résumé information about the applicants by following a rule-based judgment strategy. These findings suggest that similarity-based and rule-based processes simultaneously underlie human judgment.

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Recognizing Users of the Recognition Heuristic

Experimental Psychology (formerly Zeitschrift für Experimentelle Psychologie) ◽

10.1027/1618-3169.55.6.394 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 55 (6) ◽

pp. 394-401 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Benjamin E. Hilbig ◽

Rüdiger F. Pohl

Keyword(s):

Decision Makers ◽

Recognition Heuristic ◽

Inference Strategy

The recognition heuristic is hypothesized to be a frugal inference strategy assuming that inferences are based on the recognition cue alone. This assumption, however, has been questioned by existing research. At the same time most studies rely on the proportion of choices consistent with the heuristic as a measure of its use which may not be fully appropriate. In this study, we propose an index to identify true users of the heuristic contrasting them to decision makers who incorporate further knowledge beyond recognition. The properties and the applicability of the proposed index are investigated in the reanalyses of four published experiments and corroborated by a new study drawn up to rectify the shortcomings of the reanalyzed experiments. Applying the proposed index to explore the influence of knowledge we found that participants who were more knowledgeable made use of the information available to them and achieved the highest proportion of correct inferences.

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