Dynamic imaging of the effect of mesenchymal stem cells on osteoclast precursor cell chemotaxis for bone defects in the mouse skull

The use of collagen scaffolds and stem cells for obtaining a tissue-engineering complex has been an important concept in promoting repair and regeneration of the bone tissue. Such units represent important steps in the development of an ideal scaffold-cell complex that would sustain new bone apposition. The aim of our study was to perform a histologic evaluation of the healing of critical-sized bone defects, using a biologic collagen scaffold with adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells, in comparison to negative controls created in the adjacent bone. We used 16 Wistar rats and according to the study design 2 calvarial bone defects were created in each animal, one was filled with collagen seeded with adipose-derived stem cells and the other one was considered negative control. During the following month, at weekly intervals, the animals were euthanized and the specimens from bone defects were histologically evaluated. The results showed that these scaffolds were highly biocompatible as only moderate inflammation no rejection reactions were observed. Furthermore, the first signs of osseous healing appeared after two weeks accompanied by angiogenesis. Collagen scaffolds seeded with adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells can be considered a promising treatment option in bone regeneration of large defects.

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Regeneration of Bone Defects Using Bioactive Glass Combined with Adipose-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. An experimental in vivo study

Revista de Chimie ◽

10.37358/rc.19.6.7259 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 70 (6) ◽

pp. 1983-1987

Author(s):

Cristian Trambitas ◽

Anca Maria Pop ◽

Alina Dia Trambitas Miron ◽

Dorin Constantin Dorobantu ◽

Flaviu Tabaran ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Bioactive Glass ◽

Bone Repair ◽

Bone Defects ◽

Calvarial Bone ◽

Specific Protocol ◽

Repair Mechanisms ◽

Male Wistar Rats

Large bone defects are a medical concern as these are often unable to heal spontaneously, based on the host bone repair mechanisms. In their treatment, bone tissue engineering techniques represent a promising approach by providing a guide for osseous regeneration. As bioactive glasses proved to have osteoconductive and osteoinductive properties, the aim of our study was to evaluate by histologic examination, the differences in the healing of critical-sized calvarial bone defects filled with bioactive glass combined with adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells, compared to negative controls. We used 16 male Wistar rats subjected to a specific protocol based on which 2 calvarial bone defects were created in each animal, one was filled with Bon Alive S53P4 bioactive glass and adipose-derived stem cells and the other one was considered control. At intervals of one week during the following month, the animals were euthanized and the specimens from bone defects were histologically examined and compared. The results showed that this biomaterial was biocompatible and the first signs of osseous healing appeared in the third week. Bone Alive S53P4 bioactive glass could be an excellent bone substitute, reducing the need of bone grafts.

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Enhanced regeneration of bone defects using sintered porous Ti6Al4V scaffolds incorporated with mesenchymal stem cells and platelet-rich plasma

RSC Advances ◽

10.1039/d0ra10215f ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 5128-5138

Author(s):

Ji Li ◽

Ketao Wang ◽

Xiaowei Bai ◽

Qi Wang ◽

Ningyu Lv ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Bone Regeneration ◽

Platelet Rich Plasma ◽

Bone Defects ◽

Regeneration Of Bone

Porous Ti6AI4V scaffolds incorporated with MSC and PRP are more effective in enhancing the bone regeneration.

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Sinusoidal electromagnetic fields accelerate bone regeneration by boosting the multifunctionality of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells

Stem Cell Research & Therapy ◽

10.1186/s13287-021-02302-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Weigang Li ◽

Wenbin Liu ◽

Wei Wang ◽

Jiachen Wang ◽

Tian Ma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Stem Cells ◽

Bone Marrow ◽

Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Bone Regeneration ◽

Electromagnetic Fields ◽

Bone Defects ◽

Cell Scaffolds ◽

Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Calvarial Defects

Abstract Background The repair of critical-sized bone defects is always a challenging problem. Electromagnetic fields (EMFs), used as a physiotherapy for bone defects, have been suspected to cause potential hazards to human health due to the long-term exposure. To optimize the application of EMF while avoiding its adverse effects, a combination of EMF and tissue engineering techniques is critical. Furthermore, a deeper understanding of the mechanism of action of EMF will lead to better applications in the future. Methods In this research, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) seeded on 3D-printed scaffolds were treated with sinusoidal EMFs in vitro. Then, 5.5 mm critical-sized calvarial defects were created in rats, and the cell scaffolds were implanted into the defects. In addition, the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which EMFs regulate BMSCs were explored with various approaches to gain deeper insight into the effects of EMFs. Results The cell scaffolds treated with EMF successfully accelerated the repair of critical-sized calvarial defects. Further studies revealed that EMF could not directly induce the differentiation of BMSCs but improved the sensitivity of BMSCs to BMP signals by upregulating the quantity of specific BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) receptors. Once these receptors receive BMP signals from the surrounding milieu, a cascade of reactions is initiated to promote osteogenic differentiation via the BMP/Smad signalling pathway. Moreover, the cytokines secreted by BMSCs treated with EMF can better facilitate angiogenesis and osteoimmunomodulation which play fundamental roles in bone regeneration. Conclusion In summary, EMF can promote the osteogenic potential of BMSCs and enhance the paracrine function of BMSCs to facilitate bone regeneration. These findings highlight the profound impact of EMF on tissue engineering and provide a new strategy for the clinical treatment of bone defects.

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Lentivirus‑mediated microRNA‑26a overexpression in bone mesenchymal stem cells facilitates bone regeneration in bone defects of calvaria in mice

Molecular Medicine Reports ◽

10.3892/mmr.2018.9596 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Zhi Liu ◽

Hong Chang ◽

Yihong Hou ◽

Yu Wang ◽

Zhiqiang Zhou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Bone Regeneration ◽

Bone Defects ◽

Bone Mesenchymal Stem Cells

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APPLICATION OF DENDRIMER/PLASMID hBMP-2 COMPLEXES LOADED INTO β-TCP/COLLAGEN SCAFFOLD IN THE TREATMENT OF FEMORAL DEFECTS IN RATS

Biomedical Engineering Applications Basis and Communications ◽

10.4015/s1016237214500057 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 26 (01) ◽

pp. 1450005 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tingwei Bao ◽

Huiming Wang ◽

Wentao Zhang ◽

Xuefeng Xia ◽

Jiabei Zhou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Type I Collagen ◽

Cell Attachment ◽

Collagen Scaffold ◽

Bone Defects ◽

Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 ◽

Porous Scaffolds ◽

Type I

Purpose: Plasmid loading into scaffolds to enhance sustained release of growth factors is an important focus of regenerative medicine. The aim of this study was to build gene-activated matrices (GAMs) and examine the bone augmentation properties. Methods: Generation 5 polyamidoamine dendrimers (G5 dPAMAM)/plasmid recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) complexes were immobilized into beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP)/type I collagen porous scaffolds. After cultured with rat mesenchymal stem cells (rMSCs), transfection efficiencies were examined. The secretion of rhBMP-2 and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were detected to evaluate the osteogenic properties. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe attachment and proliferation. Moreover, we applied these GAMs directly into freshly created segmental bone defects in rat femurs, and their osteogenic efficiencies were evaluated. Results: Released plasmid complexes were transfected into stem cells and were expressed, which caused osteogenic differentiations of rat mesenchymal stem cells (rMSCs). SEM analysis showed excellent cell attachment. Bioactivity of plasmid rhBMP-2 was maintained in vivo, and the X-ray observation, histological analysis and immunohistochemistry (IHC) of bone tissue demonstrated that the bone healing in segmental femoral defects was enhanced by implantation of GAMs. Conclusions: Such biomaterials offer therapeutic opportunities in critical-sized bone defects.

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