No own-age bias in 3-year-old children: More evidence for the role of early experience in building face-processing biases

We investigated the early stages of face recognition and the role of featural and holistic face information. We exploited the fact that, on inversion, the alienating disorientation of the eyes and mouth in thatcherised faces is hardly detectable. This effect allows featural and holistic information to be dissociated and was used to test specific face-processing hypotheses. In inverted thatcherised faces, the cardinal features are already correctly oriented, whereas in undistorted faces, the whole Gestalt is coherent but all information is disoriented. Experiment 1 and experiment 3 revealed that, for inverted faces, featural information processing precedes holistic information. Moreover, the processing of contextual information is necessary to process local featural information within a short presentation time (26 ms). Furthermore, for upright faces, holistic information seems to be available faster than for inverted faces (experiment 2). These differences in processing inverted and upright faces presumably cause the differential importance of featural and holistic information for inverted and upright faces.

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Role of Tactual-Kinesthetic Feedback in Transfer of Perceptual Learning for Rats with Pigmented Irises

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.2466/pms.1970.30.3.916 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 30 (3) ◽

pp. 916-918 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Thomas L. Bennett ◽

Edward J. Rickert ◽

Louis E. McAllister

Keyword(s):

Perceptual Learning ◽

Early Experience ◽

Kinesthetic Feedback

Hooded rats were pre-exposed to circles and triangles in an otherwise visually sparse environment where opportunity to manipulate the forms was varied for the early experience groups. Although early experience with these stimuli enhanced their later discriminability over that shown by control animals who received no early experience, opportunity to manipulate the forms produced no additional gain in perceptual learning relative to Ss not allowed to manipulate the pre-exposed shapes. The findings restrict the generality of the tactual-kinesthetic feedback hypothesis.

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Utility of Intracardiac Echocardiography in the Early Experience of Transcatheter Edge to Edge Tricuspid Valve Repair

Circulation Cardiovascular Interventions ◽

10.1161/circinterventions.121.011118 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mackram F. Eleid ◽

Mohamad Alkhouli ◽

Jeremy J. Thaden ◽

Firas Zahr ◽

Scott Chadderdon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tricuspid Regurgitation ◽

Imaging Modality ◽

Early Experience ◽

Intracardiac Echocardiography ◽

Tricuspid Valve Repair ◽

Severe Tricuspid Regurgitation ◽

Mitral Repair ◽

Novel Treatment ◽

Over Time

Background: Tricuspid edge to edge repair (TEER) is a novel treatment for severe tricuspid regurgitation and is highly dependent on intraprocedural image quality. To date, transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) has been the primary imaging modality used to guide TEER. The role of intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) has not been assessed. The objective of this study was to describe the use and role of 2-dimensional ICE in the early experience of TEER. Methods: Consecutive patients undergoing TEER (with or without concomitant mitral repair) with off-label use of MitraClip (Abbott, Santa Clara, CA) were included in the study. Utilization of 2-dimensional ICE in comparison with TEE imaging were collected in each procedure through retrospective review of the procedural reports and images. Results: Of 42 TEER cases, ICE was used in 15 (36%) and concomitant mitral repair was performed in 37 (86%). ICE was increasingly used over time for TEER. ICE was able to visualize the tricuspid leaflets with high resolution and provided superior leaflet visualization to TEE in 40% of cases where it was used. Patients treated with ICE guidance tended to have a greater baseline severity of tricuspid regurgitation compared with patients treated with TEE guidance alone (8/15 [53%] massive or greater tricuspid regurgitation versus 6/27 [22%]; P =0.09). Degree of tricuspid regurgitation reduction was similar with TEE alone versus ICE plus TEE guidance (1.9±1.0 versus 2.1±1.1 grade reduction, P =0.28). Conclusions: ICE was increasingly used in the early experience of TEER over time. ICE facilitates leaflet visualization for grasping and is a useful adjunct to TEE during TEER.

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