Effects of word frequency and phonological neighborhood characteristics on confrontation naming in children who stutter and normally fluent peers

2009 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 225-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Bernstein Ratner ◽  
Rochelle Newman ◽  
Amy Strekas
Keyword(s):  
Word Frequency ◽  
Neighborhood Characteristics ◽  
Confrontation Naming ◽  
Phonological Neighborhood

scholarly journals The Effect of Phonological Neighborhood Density on Vowel Articulation

2004 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 1048-1058 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Munson ◽  
Nancy Pearl Solomon
Keyword(s):  
Word Frequency ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Neighborhood Density ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Vowel Duration ◽  
Vowel Production ◽  
Phonological Neighborhood Density ◽  
Formant Frequencies ◽  
Phonological Neighborhood

Recent literature suggests that phonological neighborhood density and word frequency can affect speech production, in addition to the well-documented effects that they have on speech perception. This article describes 2 experiments that examined how phonological neighborhood density influences the durations and formant frequencies of adults’ productions of vowels in real words. In Experiment 1, 10 normal speakers produced words that covaried in phonological neighborhood density and word frequency. Infrequent words with many phonological neighbors were produced with shorter durations and more expanded vowel spaces than frequent words with few phonological neighbors. Results of this experiment confirmed that this effect was not related to the duration of the vowels constituting the high- and low-density words. In Experiment 2, 15 adults produced words that varied in both word frequency and neighborhood density. Neighborhood density affected vowel articulation in both high- and low-frequency words. Moreover, frequent words were produced with more contracted vowel spaces than infrequent words. There was no interaction between these factors, and the vowel duration did not vary as a function of neighborhood density. Taken together, the results suggest that neighborhood density affects vowel production independent of word frequency and vowel duration.

Comparing Lexical Cues in Listener Processing of Dysarthria and Speech in Noise

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Annalise Fletcher ◽  
Megan McAuliffe
Keyword(s):  
Word Frequency ◽  
Word Identification ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Neighborhood Density ◽  
Speech In Noise ◽  
Hypokinetic Dysarthria ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Dysarthric Speech ◽  
Phonological Neighborhood ◽  
Lexical Cues

Purpose The frequency of a word and its number of phonologically similar neighbors can dramatically affect how likely it is to be accurately identified in adverse listening conditions. This study compares how these two cues affect listeners' processing of speech in noise and dysarthric speech. Method Seven speakers with moderate hypokinetic dysarthria and eight healthy control speakers were recorded producing the same set of phrases. Statements from control speakers were mixed with noise at a level selected to match the intelligibility range of the speakers with dysarthria. A binomial mixed-effects model quantified the effects of word frequency and phonological density on word identification. Results The model revealed significant effects of word frequency ( b = 0.37, SE = 0.12, p = .002) and phonological neighborhood density ( b = 0.40, SE = 0.12, p = .001). There was no effect of speaking condition (i.e., dysarthric speech vs. speech in noise). However, a significant interaction was observed between speaking condition and word frequency ( b = 0.26, SE = 0.04, p < .001). Conclusions The model's interactions indicated that listeners were more strongly influenced by the effects of word frequency when decoding moderate hypokinetic dysarthria as compared to speech in noise. Differences in listener reliance on lexical cues may have important implications for the selection of communication-based treatment strategies for speakers with dysarthria.

Effects of Age of Acquisition, Word Frequency, and Familiarity on Object Recognition and Naming in Dementia

1998 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 573-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Object Recognition ◽  
Word Frequency ◽  
Naming Latency ◽  
Age Of Acquisition ◽  
Recognition Failure ◽  
Normal People ◽  
Confrontation Naming ◽  
General Frequency ◽  
Naming Test

116 patients with established dementia completed a short confrontation naming test. Naming latency correlated -.69 (Kendall τ, p<.001) with general frequency of the name of the object. Recognition failure correlated .53 with age of acquisition of the name and —.58 with familiarity of the object. These and other correlations are not in accord with recent findings from studies of normal people. More extensive studies of these relationships in dementia, where disorders of recognition and naming are common, would be informative.

Word-frequency and phonological-neighborhood effects on verbal short-term memory.

2002 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 1019-1034 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Roodenrys ◽  
Charles Hulme ◽  
Alistair Lethbridge ◽  
Melinda Hinton ◽  
Lisa M. Nimmo
Keyword(s):  
Word Frequency ◽  
Neighborhood Effects ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Phonological Neighborhood

scholarly journals Lexically conditioned phonetic variation in motherese: age-of-acquisition and other word-specific factors in infant- and adult-directed speech

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (3-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgia Zellou ◽  
Rebecca Scarborough
Keyword(s):  
Word Frequency ◽  
Speech Signal ◽  
Age Of Acquisition ◽  
Neighborhood Density ◽  
Phonetic Variation ◽  
Phonological Neighborhood Density ◽  
Study Support ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Phonological Neighborhood

AbstractWords produced to infants exhibit phonetic modifications relative to speech to adult interlocutors, such as longer, more canonical segments and prosodic enhancement. Meanwhile, within speech directed towards adults, phonetic variation is conditioned by word properties: lower word frequency and higher phonological neighborhood density (ND) correlate with increased hyperarticulation and degree of coarticulation. Both of these types of findings have interpretations that recruit listener-directed motivations, suggesting that talkers modify their speech in an effort to enhance the perceptibility of the speech signal. In that vein, the present study examines lexically-conditioned variation in infant-directed speech. Specifically, we predict that the adult-reported age at which a word was learned – lexical age-of-acquisition (AoA) – conditions phonetic variation in infant-directed speech. This prediction is indeed borne out in spontaneous infant-directed speech: later-acquired words are produced with more hyperarticulated vowels and a greater degree of nasal coarticulation. Meanwhile, ND predicts phonetic variation in data from spontaneous adult-directed speech, while AoA does not independently influence production. The patterns of findings in the current study support the stance that evaluation of the need for clarity is tuned to the listener. Lexical difficulty is evaluated by AoA in infant-directed speech, while ND is most relevant in adult-directed speech.

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