scholarly journals Smoking initiation among youth: The role of cigarette excise taxes and prices by race/ethnicity and gender

2011 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 560-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. Nonnemaker ◽  
Matthew C. Farrelly
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Initiation ◽  
Excise Taxes ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Ethnicity And Gender

The Great Text in Our Economy Today

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean P. Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Creative Process ◽  
Shop Floor ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Production Practices ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Ethnicity And Gender ◽  
Conditions Of Employment

This chapter explores the origins of the organizational impulse that animated the American acting community in the early twentieth century. It begins by examining the transformation of the theatrical economy that was brought about by the rise of the theater trusts at the end of the nineteenth century. It goes on to consider production practices in the metropolitan theater industry, highlighting the growing emphasis on rationalization and standardization and exploring how this dual imperative impacted upon the creative process. It also looks at the experience of work in the early twentieth-century theater, documenting conditions on the theatrical shop floor and highlighting the role of race, ethnicity, and gender in determining the degree of opportunity available to individual performers. The chapter argues that while actors undoubtedly had grievances against their employers, the theater trusts had actually done a great deal to improve their lot by stabilizing a notoriously volatile employment market. The formation of the Actors' Equity Association in 1913 had less to do with conditions of employment than with a perception on the part of an influential section of the acting community that it had relinquished its accustomed autonomy to a group of employers whom they held responsible for declining standards in the theater.

The Role of Psychosocial Processes in Explaining the Gradient Between Socioeconomic Status and Health

2003 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 119-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy E. Adler ◽  
Alana Conner Snibbe
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Allostatic Load ◽  
Direction Of Causation ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Psychosocial Processes ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Ethnicity And Gender ◽  
The Impact

The gradient between socioeconomic status (SES) and health is well established: Many measures of health show that health increases as SES increases. However, the mechanisms underlying this association are not well understood. Behavioral, cognitive, and affective tendencies that develop in response to the greater psychosocial stress encountered in low-SES environments may partially mediate the impact of SES on health. Although these tendencies might be helpful for coping in the short term, over time they may contribute to the development of allostatic load, which increases vulnerability to disease. Debate remains regarding the direction of causation between SES and health, the impact of income inequality, the interaction of SES with race-ethnicity and gender, and the effects of SES over the life course.

scholarly journals The Role of College-Bound Friends in College Enrollment Decisions by Race, Ethnicity, and Gender

2021 ◽  
pp. 000283122199666
Author(s):  
Steven Elías Alvarado
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
College Enrollment ◽  
Latino Students ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Enrollment Decisions ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Ethnicity And Gender ◽  
Black And Latino

This study examines the association between college-bound friends and college enrollment using restricted transcript data from the High School Longitudinal Study. Propensity score matching and school fixed effects models suggest that having close college-bound friends is positively associated with enrolling in college. However, Black and Latino male students are much less likely to benefit from having college-bound friends than others, suggesting that structural and cultural factors that are tied to race, ethnicity, and gender may limit the beneficial potential of friends, especially for these male Black and Latino students. Implications for addressing racial and ethnic disparities in college enrollment and for the role of friends in college enrollment decisions are discussed.

Meta-Analysis: The Role of Race/Ethnicity and Gender in Career Choice

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-135
Author(s):  
Hansori Jang ◽  
◽  
Seohong Pak ◽  
Donghoon Lee
Keyword(s):  
Career Choice ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Ethnicity And Gender
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