Factors affecting virus prevalence in honey bees in the Pacific-Northwest, USA

10.1101/2021.11.19.469300 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Vera W Pfeiffer ◽

David W Crowder

Keyword(s):

Spatial Autocorrelation ◽

Pacific Northwest ◽

Honey Bees ◽

Management Practices ◽

Virus Transmission ◽

Urban Landscapes ◽

Deformed Wing Virus ◽

Virus Prevalence ◽

Julian Date ◽

The Pacific

Global efforts to assess honey bee health show viruses are major stressors that undermine colony performance. Identifying factors that affect virus incidence, such as management practices and landscape context, could aid in slowing virus transmission. Here we surveyed viruses in honey bees from 86 sites in the Pacific Northwest, USA, and tested effects of regional bee density, movement associated with commercial pollination, julian date, and hive management on virus prevalence. We also explored patterns of virus co-occurrence and spatial autocorrelation to identify whether local transmission was a primary driver of pathogen distribution. Our surveys found widespread prevalence of Deformed wing virus (DWV), Sacbrood virus (SBV), and Black queen cell virus (BQCV). BQCV and SBV were most prolific in commercial apiaries, while Chronic bee paralysis virus (CPBV) was more common in hobbyist apiaries than commercial apiaries. DWV was most common in urban landscapes and was best predicted by mite prevalence and julian date, while the incidence of both SBV and BQCV were best predicted by regional apiary density. We did not find evidence of additional spatial autocorrelation for any viruses, although high co-occurrence suggests parallel transmission patterns. Our results support the importance of mite management in slowing virus spread and suggest that greater bee density increases transmission. Our study provides support that viruses are widespread in honey bees and connects known mechanisms of virus transmission to the distribution of pathogens observed across the Pacific Northwest.

Download Full-text

Spatial and temporal factors affecting survival in coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in the Pacific Northwest

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences ◽

10.1139/f98-090 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 55 (9) ◽

pp. 2067-2077 ◽

Cited By ~ 53

Author(s):

Claribel Coronado ◽

Ray Hilborn

Keyword(s):

British Columbia ◽

Pacific Northwest ◽

Coho Salmon ◽

Survival Rates ◽

Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽

Dominant Factor ◽

Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

The Pacific ◽

Ocean Conditions

Survival rates for coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) were estimated for all coded wire tag release groups in the Pacific Northwest between 1971 and 1990. The spatial and temporal patterns show considerable geographic variation, with most regions south of northern British Columbia showing declining survival since 1983, while northern areas have shown increasing survival during that period. The number of years of operation explained very little of the variation in survival, and many hatcheries showed major increases in survival after several years of operation. Survival of marked wild fish generally showed the same trend as hatchery fish. We conclude that the dominant factor affecting coho salmon survival since the 1970s is ocean conditions and that there are major geographic differences in the pattern of ocean conditions. The decline in survival seen in British Columbia and south over the last decade suggests that a major reduction in exploitation rates is necessary to maintain the populations.

Download Full-text

Douglas-fir seedlings: some factors affecting chilling requirement, bud activity, and new foliage production

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x85-050 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 309-312 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Denis P. Lavender ◽

Susan G. Stafford

Keyword(s):

Pacific Northwest ◽

Shoot Growth ◽

Douglas Fir ◽

Chilling Requirement ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

The Pacific

Potted 2-year-old Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seedlings were exposed to a range of natural and artificial environments during the fall and winter prior to a 9-week period in an environment designed to permit active shoot growth. Seedling response demonstrated (i) that exposure to a period of short (9 h), mild (20 °C) days prepared seedlings for the beneficial effects of subsequent "chilling" (4.4 °C) temperatures and (ii) that the physiology of dormancy of Douglas-fir seedlings may be adversely affected by environments that differ markedly from those prevailing in the Pacific Northwest during the fall.

Download Full-text

Geographic potential of the world’s largest hornet, Vespa mandarinia Smith (Hymenoptera: Vespidae), worldwide and particularly in North America

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.10690 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. e10690

Author(s):

Claudia Nuñez-Penichet ◽

Luis Osorio-Olvera ◽

Victor H. Gonzalez ◽

Marlon E. Cobos ◽

Laura Jiménez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

British Columbia ◽

North America ◽

Pacific Northwest ◽

Honey Bees ◽

Washington State ◽

Eastern North America ◽

Climatic Suitability ◽

Honey Production ◽

The Pacific ◽

Pollinating Insects

The Asian giant hornet (AGH, Vespa mandarinia) is the world’s largest hornet, occurring naturally in the Indomalayan region, where it is a voracious predator of pollinating insects including honey bees. In September 2019, a nest of Asian giant hornets was detected outside of Vancouver, British Columbia; multiple individuals were detected in British Columbia and Washington state in 2020; and another nest was found and eradicated in Washington state in November 2020, indicating that the AGH may have successfully wintered in North America. Because hornets tend to spread rapidly and become pests, reliable estimates of the potential invasive range of V. mandarinia in North America are needed to assess likely human and economic impacts, and to guide future eradication attempts. Here, we assess climatic suitability for AGH in North America, and suggest that, without control, this species could establish populations across the Pacific Northwest and much of eastern North America. Predicted suitable areas for AGH in North America overlap broadly with areas where honey production is highest, as well as with species-rich areas for native bumble bees and stingless bees of the genus Melipona in Mexico, highlighting the economic and environmental necessity of controlling this nascent invasion.

Download Full-text

Geographic potential of the world’s largest hornet, Vespa mandarinia Smith (Hymenoptera: Vespidae), worldwide and particularly in North America

10.1101/2020.08.11.246991 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Claudia Nuñez-Penichet ◽

Luis Osorio-Olvera ◽

Victor H. Gonzalez ◽

Marlon E. Cobos ◽

Laura Jiménez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

North America ◽

Pacific Northwest ◽

Honey Bees ◽

Stingless Bees ◽

Washington State ◽

Eastern North America ◽

Climatic Suitability ◽

Honey Production ◽

The Pacific ◽

Pollinating Insects

ABSTRACTThe Asian giant hornet (AGH, Vespa mandarinia) is the world’s largest hornet, occurring naturally in the Indomalayan region, where it is a voracious predator of pollinating insects including honey bees. In September 2019, a nest of Asian giant hornets was detected outside of Vancouver, British Columbia and in May 2020 an individual was detected nearby in Washington state, indicating that the AGH successfully overwintered in North America. Because hornets tend to spread rapidly and become pests, reliable estimates of the potential invasive range of V. mandarinia in North America are needed to assess likely human and economic impacts, and to guide future eradication attempts. Here, we assess climatic suitability for AGH in North America, and suggest that, without control, this species could establish populations across the Pacific Northwest and much of eastern North America. Predicted suitable areas for AGH in North America overlap broadly with areas where honey production is highest, as well as with species-rich areas for native bumble bees and stingless bees of the genus Melipona in Mexico, highlighting the economic and environmental necessity of controlling this nascent invasion.

Download Full-text