Examining the relationship between free recall and immediate serial recall: The role of list length, strategy use, and test expectancy

This study examines the generalizability of research in the areas of instruction; learning; and transfer of learning to the role these play in the area of the use of strategic competencies in foreign language contexts (FLC). While previous studies have tended towards a focus on learner variables, this study includes the conditions of applicability with a task that can impact learning and transfer as well. The contributions of both variables, learner and task, were investigated through note-taking strategy instruction and transfer, to ascertain the effect on reading comprehension of textual materials in the English as a foreign language (EFL) classroom. Learning was measured as a precursor to transfer. In order to investigate the role of instruction and transfer in the transfer of strategy use, a mixed design using both qualitative and quantitative approaches for design and analysis was used. Findings suggest that the relationship between instruction and transfer as represented by strategy use and task performance is a multidimensional one, and that there are implications for language learning instruction in the foreign language classroom.

Download Full-text

Promoting Athlete Mental Health: The Role of Emotion Regulation

Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology ◽

10.1123/jcsp.2021-0022 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-19

Author(s):

Georgia A. Bird ◽

Mary L. Quinton ◽

Jennifer Cumming

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Well Being ◽

Strategy Use ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Managing Stress ◽

Cross Sectional Design ◽

Mental Well Being ◽

The Relationship ◽

University Athletes

This study investigated the relationship between reappraisal and suppression with depression and mental well-being among university athletes. It was hypothesized reappraisal would associate with lower depression and greater mental well-being, whereas suppression would associate with greater depression and reduced mental well-being. Employing a cross-sectional design, 427 participants (Mage = 20.18, SD = 1.52; 188 males and 239 females) completed questionnaires assessing mental health and strategy use. Hierarchical multiple regressions revealed reappraisal was positively associated, and suppression negatively associated with mental well-being, ΔR2 = 4.8%, ΔF(2, 422) = 17.01, p ≤ .001; suppression, β = −0.08, p = .028; reappraisal, β = 0.21, p ≤ .001, but neither were associated with depression, ΔR2 = 0.4%, ΔF(2, 422) = 1.33, p = .267; suppression, β = 0.06, p = .114; reappraisal, β = 0.03, p = .525. Results highlight reappraisal as correlated with mental well-being in student-athletes, and therefore, reappraisal could be beneficial for managing stress in sport. Reappraisal may implicate how well-being is promoted through sport, but future experimental research is needed to confirm causal relationships.

Download Full-text

The Role of Temporal Parameters in Recall of Synthetic Speech

Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting ◽

10.1177/154193128703100908 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 31 (9) ◽

pp. 966-968

Author(s):

Thomas J. Ayres

Keyword(s):

Serial Recall ◽

Memory Trace ◽

Memory Span ◽

Synthetic Speech ◽

Production Mechanism ◽

Active Process ◽

Immediate Serial Recall ◽

Temporal Parameters ◽

Limited Duration

The limited-duration articulatory store which has been proposed as the basis of the memory span could involve either a playback or a production mechanism. In order to compare these, immediate serial recall was studied with auditorily-presented lists of digits with durations of 120–300 msec and pauses of 60–240 msec. Memory span declined for decreasing item duration, an effect largely attributable to loss of intelligibility. The results suggest that memory span depends on an active process rather than on passive playback of the memory trace.

Download Full-text

The relationship between eye movements and autobiographical recollection is mediated by individual differences in autobiographical capacity

10.31234/osf.io/pztv4 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Michael Armson ◽

Nicholas Diamond ◽

Laryssa Levesque ◽

Jennifer Ryan ◽

Brian Levine

Keyword(s):

Individual Differences ◽

Eye Movements ◽

Free Recall ◽

Memory Performance ◽

Fixation Rate ◽

Blank Screen ◽

Autobiographical Recall ◽

The Relationship ◽

Precise Role

The precise role of visual mechanisms in recollection of personal past events is unknown. The present study addresses this question from the oculomotor perspective. Participants freely recalled past episodes while viewing a blank screen under free and fixed viewing conditions. Memory performance was quantified with the Autobiographical Interview, which separates internal (episodic) and external (non-episodic) details. In Study 1, fixation rate was predictive of the number of internal (but not external) details recalled across both free and fixed viewing. In Study 2, using an experimenter-controlled staged event, we again observed the effect of fixations on free recall of internal (but not external) details, but this was modulated by individual differences in AM, such that the coupling between fixations and internal details was greater for those endorsing higher than lower episodic AM. These results suggest that eye movements promote richness in autobiographical recall, particularly for those with strong AM.

Download Full-text

Effect of Test Expectancy on Preferred Study Strategy Use and Test Performance

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.2466/pms.1989.68.3c.1157 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 68 (3_suppl) ◽

pp. 1157-1158 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ronald C. Feldt ◽

Michelle Ray

Keyword(s):

Free Recall ◽

Retention Interval ◽

Test Performance ◽

Test Scores ◽

Multiple Choice ◽

Reading Rate ◽

Strategy Use ◽

Rote Learning ◽

Test Expectancy ◽

Testing Strategies

Among undergraduates in a carefully controlled design, 9 students who took notes studied longer than groups of 30 and 17 who did not. No differences were observed on test scores, retention interval, comprehension scores, or reading rate. Whether students expected multiple-choice or free-recall testing, strategies were similar, suggesting study oriented to rote learning.

Download Full-text