scholarly journals Examining the relationship between free recall and immediate serial recall: The effects of list length and output order.

2010 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 1207-1241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoff Ward ◽  
Lydia Tan ◽  
Rachel Grenfell-Essam
Keyword(s):  
Free Recall ◽  
Serial Recall ◽  
List Length ◽  
Output Order ◽  
Immediate Serial Recall ◽  
The Relationship

Irrelevant Sound Disrupts Order Information in Free Recall as in Serial Recall

1998 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 615-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Philip Beaman ◽  
Dylan M. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Free Recall ◽  
Retention Interval ◽  
Serial Recall ◽  
List Length ◽  
Item Information ◽  
Order Information ◽  
Sound Effect ◽  
Mnemonic Strategy ◽  
Irrelevant Sound ◽  
Irrelevant Sound Effect

The claim that the sensitivity of free recall to disruption by irrelevant sound is a function of the extent to which rote rehearsal is employed as a mnemonic strategy was investigated in two experiments. The degree of disruption by irrelevant sound in terms of both item and order information was contrasted under serial and free recall instructions. Irrelevant sound was found to disrupt order and item information equally in serial and free recall tasks (Experiment 1). Contrary to previous reports, an effect of irrelevant sound was also demonstrated on free recall of particularly long lists, and the interaction between list length and retention interval in the irrelevant sound effect was examined (Experiment 2). Generally, the results support the view that irrelevant sound disrupts the use of order cues.

scholarly journals Chunking in tonal contexts: Information compression during serial recall of visually presented musical notes

2021 ◽  
pp. 030573562110133
Author(s):  
Lucas Lörch
Keyword(s):  
Serial Recall ◽  
List Length ◽  
Memory Representation ◽  
Information Compression ◽  
Musical Note ◽  
Tonal Structure ◽  
Immediate Serial Recall ◽  
Type Size ◽  
Tonal Context ◽  
Musical Memory

Chunking is defined as information compression by means of encoding meaningful units. To advance the understanding of chunking in musical memory, the present study tested characteristics of melodic sequences that might enable a parsimonious memory representation, namely, the presence of a clear tonal context and of melodic cells with clear labels. Musical note symbols, which formed either triads (Experiment 1) or cadences (Experiment 2), were presented visually and sequentially to musically experienced participants for immediate serial recall. The melodic sequences were varied on the within-participant factors list length (long vs. short list) and tonal structure (chunking-supportive vs. chunking-obstructive). Chunking-supportive sequences contained tones from a single diatonic key that formed melodic cells with a clear label, such as “C major triad”. Transitional errors showed that participants grouped notes into melodic cells. Mixed logistic regression modeling revealed that recall was more accurate in chunking-supportive sequences and that this advantage was more pronounced for more experienced participants in the long list length condition of Experiment 2. The findings suggest that a clear tonal context and melodic cells with clear labels benefit chunking in melodic processing, but that the subtleties of the process are additionally influenced by type, size, and number of melodic cells.

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