Critical tests of the two high-threshold model of recognition via analyses of hazard functions

2021 ◽  
Vol 105 ◽  
pp. 102600
Author(s):  
Richard A. Chechile ◽  
John C. Dunn
Keyword(s):  
Threshold Model ◽  
High Threshold ◽  
Hazard Functions

Contrasting Predictions of Low- and High-Threshold Models for the Detection of Changing Visual Features

Perception ◽  
10.1068/p7176 ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 505-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Burmester ◽  
Guy Wallis
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Threshold Model ◽  
Change Blindness ◽  
Stimulus Display ◽  
High Threshold ◽  
False Alarms ◽  
Single Element ◽  
Threshold Models ◽  
Visual Short Term Memory ◽  
Low Threshold

Change blindness is the failure of observers to notice otherwise obvious changes to a visual scene when those changes are masked in some way (eg by blotches or a blanking of the screen). Typically, change blindness is taken as evidence that our representation of the visual world is capacity limited. The locus of this capacity limit is thought to be visual short-term memory (vSTM). The capacity of vSTM is usually estimated with a high-threshold model which assumes that each element in the stimulus array is either fully encoded or not encoded at all, and, furthermore, that false alarms can arise only by guessing, not by noise. Low-threshold models, by contrast, suggest that false alarms can arise by noise at the level of detection/discrimination and/or decision. In this study, we use a well-controlled stimulus display in which a single element changes over a blanking of the screen and contrast predictions from a popular high-threshold model of vSTM with the predictions of a low-threshold model (specifically, the sample-size model) of visual search and vSTM. The data were better predicted by the low-threshold model.

Further Evidence for Discrete-State Mediation in Recognition Memory

2015 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Kellen ◽  
Henrik Singmann ◽  
Jan Vogt ◽  
Karl Christoph Klauer
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Threshold Model ◽  
Choice Task ◽  
High Threshold ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Discrete State ◽  
Detection Model ◽  
Forced Choice Task ◽  
Model Mimicry

The two high threshold model (2HTM) of recognition memory makes strong predictions regarding differences between receiver operating characteristics (ROC) functions across strength manipulations. Province and Rouder (2012) tested these predictions and showed that the 2HTM provided a better account of the data than a continuous signal detection model using an extended two-alternative forced-choice task. The present study replicates and extends Province and Rouder’s findings at the level of confidence-rating responses as well as their associated response times. Model-mimicry simulations are also reported, ascertaining that the models can be well discriminated in this experimental design. Supplemental files for this article are available at osf.io/zadt6/

Hyperstimulation of the immune system as a cause of autoimmune diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 204-213
Author(s):  
Varvara A. Ryabkova ◽  
Leonid P. Churilov ◽  
Yehuda Shoenfeld
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Threshold Model ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Threshold Effect ◽  
Successful Management ◽  
Polygenic Inheritance ◽  
Autoimmune Pathology ◽  
The Common

The pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases is very complex and multi-factorial. The concept of Mosaics of Autoimmunity was introduced to the scientific community 30 years ago by Y. Shoenfeld and D.A. Isenberg, and since then new tiles to the puzzle are continuously added. This concept specifies general pathological ideas about the multifactorial threshold model for polygenic inheritance with a threshold effect by the action of a number of external causal factors as applied to the field of autoimmunology. Among the external factors that can excessively stimulate the immune system, contributing to the development of autoimmune reactions, researchers are particularly interested in chemical substances, which are widely used in pharmacology and medicine. In this review we highlight the autoimmune dynamics i.e. a multistep pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases and the subsequent development of lymphoma in some cases. In this context several issues are addressed namely, genetic basis of autoimmunity; environmental immunostimulatory risk factors; gene/environmental interaction; pre-clinical autoimmunity with the presence of autoantibodies; and the mechanisms, underlying lymphomagenesis in autoimmune pathology. We believe that understanding the common model of the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases is the first step to their successful management.

Conscious access to fear-relevant information is mediated by threshold

2011 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Remigiusz Szczepanowski
Keyword(s):  
Present Report ◽  
Intrinsic Property ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Perceptual Processing ◽  
High Threshold ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Emotional Perception ◽  
Fearful Faces ◽  
The Subject

Conscious access to fear-relevant information is mediated by thresholdThe present report proposed a model of access consciousness to fear-relevant information according to which there is a threshold for emotional perception beyond that the subject makes hits with no false alarm. The model was examined by having the participants performed a confidence-ratings masking task with fearful faces. Measures of the thresholds for conscious access were taken by looking at the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves generated from a three-state low- and high-threshold (3-LHT) model by Krantz. Indeed, the analysis of the masking data revealed that the ROCs had threshold-like-nature (a two-limb shape) rather continuous (a curvilinear shape) challenging in this fashion the classical signal-detection view on perceptual processing. Moreover, the threshold ROC curve exhibited the specific y-intercepts relevant to conscious access performance. The study suggests that the threshold can be an intrinsic property of conscious access, mediating emotional contents between perceptual states and consciousness.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document