Conscious access to fear-relevant information is mediated by threshold

2011 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Remigiusz Szczepanowski
Keyword(s):  
Present Report ◽  
Intrinsic Property ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Perceptual Processing ◽  
High Threshold ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Emotional Perception ◽  
Fearful Faces ◽  
The Subject

Conscious access to fear-relevant information is mediated by thresholdThe present report proposed a model of access consciousness to fear-relevant information according to which there is a threshold for emotional perception beyond that the subject makes hits with no false alarm. The model was examined by having the participants performed a confidence-ratings masking task with fearful faces. Measures of the thresholds for conscious access were taken by looking at the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves generated from a three-state low- and high-threshold (3-LHT) model by Krantz. Indeed, the analysis of the masking data revealed that the ROCs had threshold-like-nature (a two-limb shape) rather continuous (a curvilinear shape) challenging in this fashion the classical signal-detection view on perceptual processing. Moreover, the threshold ROC curve exhibited the specific y-intercepts relevant to conscious access performance. The study suggests that the threshold can be an intrinsic property of conscious access, mediating emotional contents between perceptual states and consciousness.

scholarly journals Nomogram based on homogeneous and heterogeneous associated factors for predicting distant metastases in patients with colorectal cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianwen Luo ◽  
Yutong Wang ◽  
Xuefeng Shan ◽  
Ye Bai ◽  
Chun Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Lung Metastases ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
Distant Metastases ◽  
Good Prediction ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Good Prediction Performance ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Abstract Background The identification of the homogeneous and heterogeneous risk factors for different types of metastases in colorectal cancer (CRC) may shed light on the aetiology and help individualize prophylactic treatment. The present study characterized the incidence differences and identified the homogeneous and heterogeneous risk factors associated with distant metastases in CRC. Methods CRC patients registered in the SEER database between 2010 and 2016 were included in this study. Logistic regression was used to analyse homogeneous and heterogeneous risk factors for the occurrence of different types of metastases. Nomograms were constructed to predict the risk for developing metastases, and the performance was quantitatively assessed using the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve and calibration curve. Results A total of 204,595 eligible CRC patients were included in our study, and 17.07% of them had distant metastases. The overall incidences of liver metastases, lung metastases, bone metastases, and brain metastases were 15.34%, 5.22%, 1.26%, and 0.29%, respectively. The incidence of distant metastases differed by age, gender, and the original CRC sites. Poorly differentiated grade, more lymphatic metastasis, higher carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and different metastatic organs were all positively associated with four patterns of metastases. In contrast, age, sex, race, insurance status, position, and T stage were heterogeneously associated with metastases. The calibration and ROC curves exhibited good performance for predicting distant metastases. Conclusions The incidence of distant metastases in CRC exhibited distinct differences, and the patients had homogeneous and heterogeneous associated risk factors. Although limited risk factors were included in the present study, the established nomogram showed good prediction performance.

scholarly journals Enhanced Expectation of External Sensations of the Chest Regulates the Emotional Perception of Fearful Faces

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 946
Author(s):  
Won-Mo Jung ◽  
In-Seon Lee ◽  
Ye-Seul Lee ◽  
Yeonhee Ryu ◽  
Hi-Joon Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cues ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Emotional Perception ◽  
Fearful Faces ◽  
Bodily Sensations ◽  
Facial Expression Classification ◽  
Bodily States ◽  
Expression Classification ◽  
Stimulation Of

Emotional perception can be shaped by inferences about bodily states. Here, we investigated whether exteroceptive inferences about bodily sensations in the chest area influence the perception of fearful faces. Twenty-two participants received pseudo-electrical acupuncture stimulation at three different acupoints: CV17 (chest), CV23 (chin), and PC6 (left forearm). All stimuli were delivered with corresponding visual cues, and the control condition included visual cues that did not match the stimulated body sites. After the stimulation, the participants were shown images with one of five morphed facial expressions, ranging from 100% fear to 100% disgust, and asked to classify them as fearful or disgusted. Brain activity was measured using functional magnetic resonance imaging during the facial expression classification task. When the participants expected that they would receive stimulation of the chest (CV17), the ratio of fearful to non-fearful classifications decreased compared to the control condition, and brain activities within the periaqueductal gray and the default mode network decreased when they viewed fearful faces. Our findings suggest that bodily sensations around the chest, but not the other tested body parts, were selectively associated with fear perception and that altering external inferences inhibited the perception of fearful faces.

scholarly journals Plasma MicroRNA Profiles in Patients with Early Rheumatoid Arthritis Responding to Adalimumab plus Methotrexate vs Methotrexate Alone: A Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Sode ◽  
Sophine B. Krintel ◽  
Anting Liu Carlsen ◽  
Merete L. Hetland ◽  
Julia S. Johansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Early Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Multiple Testing ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
Predictive Biomarker ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
American College Of Rheumatology ◽  
Plasma Microrna

Objective.The aim was to identify plasma (i.e., cell-free) microRNA (miRNA) predicting antitumor necrosis and/or methotrexate (MTX) treatment response in patients enrolled in an investigator-initiated, prospective, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial (The OPERA study,NCT00660647).Methods.We included 180 disease-modifying antirheumatic drug–naive patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) randomized to adalimumab (ADA; n = 89) or placebo (n = 91) in combination with MTX. Plasma samples before and 3 months after treatment initiation were analyzed for 91 specific miRNA by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction on microfluidic dynamic arrays. A linear mixed-effects model was used to test for associations between pretreatment miRNA and changes in miRNA expression and American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism (ACR/EULAR) Boolean (28 joints) remission at 3 and 12 months, applying false discovery rate correction for multiple testing. Using leave-one-out cross validation, we built predictive multivariate miRNA models and estimated classification performances using receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) curves.Results.In the ADA group, a higher pretreatment level of miR-27a-3p was significantly associated with remission at 12 months. The level decreased in remitting patients between pretreatment and 3 months, and increased in nonremitting patients. No associations were found in the placebo group receiving only MTX. Two multivariate miRNA models were able to predict response to ADA treatment after 3 and 12 months, with 63% and 82% area under the ROC curves, respectively.Conclusion.We identified miR-27a-3p as a potential predictive biomarker of ACR/EULAR remission in patients with early RA treated with ADA in combination with MTX. We conclude that pretreatment plasma-miRNA profiles may be of predictive value, but the results need confirmation in independent cohorts.

scholarly journals Groundwater Augmentation through the Site Selection of Floodwater Spreading Using a Data Mining Approach (Case study: Mashhad Plain, Iran)

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Naghibi ◽  
Mehdi Vafakhah ◽  
Hossein Hashemi ◽  
Biswajeet Pradhan ◽  
Seyed Alavi
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Regression Tree ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
Flood Damage ◽  
Boosted Regression Trees ◽  
Classification And Regression Tree ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Conditioning Factors ◽  
Suitability Maps

It is a well-known fact that sustainable development goals are difficult to achieve without a proper water resources management strategy. This study tries to implement some state-of-the-art statistical and data mining models i.e., weights-of-evidence (WoE), boosted regression trees (BRT), and classification and regression tree (CART) to identify suitable areas for artificial recharge through floodwater spreading (FWS). At first, suitable areas for the FWS project were identified in a basin in north-eastern Iran based on the national guidelines and a literature survey. Using the same methodology, an identical number of FWS unsuitable areas were also determined. Afterward, a set of different FWS conditioning factors were selected for modeling FWS suitability. The models were applied using 70% of the suitable and unsuitable locations and validated with the rest of the input data (i.e., 30%). Finally, a receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve was plotted to compare the produced FWS suitability maps. The findings depicted acceptable performance of the BRT, CART, and WoE for FWS suitability mapping with an area under the ROC curves of 92, 87.5, and 81.6%, respectively. Among the considered variables, transmissivity, distance from rivers, aquifer thickness, and electrical conductivity were determined as the most important contributors in the modeling. FWS suitability maps produced by the proposed method in this study could be used as a guideline for water resource managers to control flood damage and obtain new sources of groundwater. This methodology could be easily replicated to produce FWS suitability maps in other regions with similar hydrogeological conditions.

scholarly journals MicroRNAs Which Can Prognosticate Aggressiveness of Bladder Cancer

Cancers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edyta Marta Borkowska ◽  
Tomasz Konecki ◽  
Michał Pietrusiński ◽  
Maciej Borowiec ◽  
Zbigniew Jabłonowski
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
High Death Rate ◽  
Biological Potential ◽  
High Death ◽  
Muscle Invasive

Bladder cancer (BC) is still characterized by a very high death rate in patients with this disease. One of the reasons for this is the lack of adequate markers which could help determine the biological potential of the tumor to develop into its invasive stage. It has been found that some microRNAs (miRNAs) correlate with disease progression. The purpose of this study was to identify which miRNAs can accurately predict the presence of BC and can differentiate low grade (LG) tumors from high grade (HG) tumors. The study included 55 patients with diagnosed bladder cancer and 30 persons belonging to the control group. The expression of seven selected miRNAs was estimated with the real-time PCR technique according to miR-103-5p (for the normalization of the results). Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves and the area under the curve (AUC) were used to evaluate the feasibility of using selected markers as biomarkers for detecting BC and discriminating non-muscle invasive BC (NMIBC) from muscle invasive BC (MIBC). For HG tumors, the relevant classifiers are miR-205-5p and miR-20a-5p, whereas miR-205-5p and miR-182-5p are for LG (AUC = 0.964 and AUC = 0.992, respectively). NMIBC patients with LG disease are characterized by significantly higher miR-130b-3p expression values compared to patients in HG tumors.

scholarly journals Classification of RA Into Active or Inactive With a Modified DAS, for Future Use as a Treat-to-target Tool, With a HandScan Score Replacing Joint Counts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxime Verhoeven ◽  
Anton Westgeest ◽  
Janneke Tekstra ◽  
Jacob van Laar ◽  
Floris Lafeber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Records ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
Predictor Variables ◽  
Treat To Target ◽  
Reference Standard ◽  
Clinical Classification ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Clinical Interpretation ◽  
Activity Measures

Abstract ObjectivesTo establish the value of a modified DAS (DAS-OST) without joint counts but with a HandScan score (OST), versus that of DAS28, to classify RA as active versus inactive, with as reference standard the rheumatologist's clinical classification.MethodsRA patients with at least one HandScan and DAS28 measurement performed at the same visit were included. Data was extracted from medical records, as was the clinical interpretation as active or inactive RA by the rheumatologist. Logistic regression analyses were performed to calculate areas under the receiver operating characteristics (AU-ROC) curves. The clinical interpretation was used as reference standard in all analyses, and disease activity measures were used as predictor variables. The performance of predictor variables (AU-ROCs) was compared.ResultsData of 1505 unique RA patients were used for analyses. The highest AU-ROC of 0.88 (95%CI 0.85 – 0.90) was shown for DAS28; AU-ROC of DAS-OST was 0.78 (95%CI 0.75 – 0.81), difference 0.10, p<0.01.ConclusionsCompared to DAS28, DAS-OST classified RA statistically significantly less well as active versus inactive, when using the clinical classification as reference standard. However, a DAS-modification without joint scores might have a place in strategies limiting routine outpatients’ visits to the rheumatologist.

scholarly journals NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF TSUNAMIS ORIGINATING IN THE PERU-CHILE TRENCH

1976 ◽  
Vol 1 (15) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
A.W. Garcia ◽  
H.L. Butler
Keyword(s):  
Present Report ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Numerical Code ◽  
Army Corps ◽  
Army Corps Of Engineers ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Chile Tsunami ◽  
Tsunami Amplitude

The U. S. Army Corps of Engineers has as an objective of its research and development program the determination of better harbor design criteria for tsunami protection. A previous report (Houston, et. al., 1975b) addressed the subject of tsunami vulnerability of the Pacific Coast of the continental United States to tsunamis originating in the Aleutian Trench. That report determined the variation in tsunami amplitude as a function of coastal distance due to a standard uplift source at different locations in the Aleutian Trench. The present report is a continuation of that study and addresses the subject of tsunami vulnerability along the same stretch of coast to tsunamis originating in the Peru-Chile Trench. In addition, modifications to the numerical code used in the previous report allowed the simulation of the Chile tsunami of May 22, 1960.

scholarly journals Comparison of Neural Networks and Logistic Regression in Assessing the Occurrence of Failures in Steel Structures of Transmission Lines

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-26
Author(s):  
A.C.G Bissacot ◽  
S.A.B Salgado ◽  
P.P Balestrassi ◽  
A.P Paiva ◽  
A.C Zambroni Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
Operating Voltage ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Metal Structures ◽  
Land Type ◽  
Classic Technique

In this work, we evaluate the probability of falling metal structures from transmission lines. It is our objective to extract knowledge about which variables influence the mechanical behavior of the operating lines and can be used to diagnose potential falling towers. Those pieces of information can become a basis for directing the investments of reinforcement structures, avoiding the occurrence of long turn offs and high costs as a consequence of damage to towers of transmission lines. The results are obtained using the history of 181 metal structures currently in operation in the state of Paraná/Brazil. For the classification of transmission lines susceptible to failures it is proposed to identify the most likely lines considering the following parameters: operating voltage, wind and relief of the region, air masses, temperature, land type, mechanical capacity, function and foundation structure. The classic technique of classifying binary events used in this type of problem is the logistic regression (LR). The more recent technique for classification, using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) can also be applied. The results are compared through the area under receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves.

scholarly journals The Shape of ROC Curves in Shooter Tasks: Implications for Best Practices in Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Caren M. Rotello ◽  
Laura J. Kelly ◽  
Evan Heit
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Signal Detection ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
Receiver Operating Characteristics ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Identification Task ◽  
Data Analyses ◽  
Linear Receiver ◽  
First Person Shooter

Four experiments addressed the widely studied issue of the association between racial groups and guns, namely shooter bias, as measured in the first-person shooter task or the weapon identification task, in which participants judge whether a suspect has a weapon or some other item such as a phone (Correll, Park, Judd, & Wittenbrink, 2002; Payne, 2001). Previous studies have employed various analyses that make conflicting, and indeed untested, assumptions about the underlying nature of the data: Analyses of variance and model-based analyses assume linear receiver operating characteristics (ROCs) and signal detection (SDT) analyses assume curved ROCs. The present experiments directly investigated the shape of the ROCs for the weapon identification task, demonstrating that they are curved, and that the majority of previous studies are at risk for inclusion of inappropriate analyses, because they assume linear rather than curved ROCs.

The main trends in the Russian tourism and hospitality market from the point of view of Russian travel agencies

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 412-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Gudkov ◽  
Elena Dedkova ◽  
Kristina Dudina
Keyword(s):  
Relevant Information ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Qualitative Research Methodology ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Tourism And Hospitality ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThis paper aims to discuss recent developments in the Russian tourism industry and the main reasons for new initiatives in local destination development.Design/methodology/approachThe study is based on qualitative research methodology. A summary of key literature is presented alongside the analysis of the survey results.FindingsThis paper sheds light on the challenges and changes that took place in the Russian tourism business between 2014 and 2017. The subject is poorly covered in academic literature. The basic data for analysis presented in official statistics are scarce. Therefore a more effective way of obtaining relevant information was to conduct a survey using a semi-structured questionnaire, with tourism business actors as respondents.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper provides mostly conceptual analysis based on limited empirical data; directions for further empirical research are proposed in the conclusion.Originality/valueThe paper reveals something of the impact of economic and geopolitical factors, both negative and positive ones, on the restructuring of the Russian tourism market and the emergence of promising opportunities for the development of new domestic destinations. As a result, tourism market actors are able to become more diverse.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document