Synthesizing distributed pipelining systems with timing constraints via optimal functional unit assignment and communication selection

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 332-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiwen Jiang ◽  
Edwin H.-M. Sha ◽  
Xianzhang Chen ◽  
Lin Wu ◽  
Qingfeng Zhuge
Keyword(s):  
Functional Unit ◽  
Timing Constraints

scholarly journals B0AT1 amino acid transporter complexed with SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 forms a heterodimer functional unit: in situ conformation using radiation inactivation analysis

Function ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce R Stevens ◽  
J Clive Ellory ◽  
Robert L Preston
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Membrane Trafficking ◽  
Functional Unit ◽  
Membrane Vesicles ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Amino Acid Transporter ◽  
Neutral Amino Acid ◽  
Transport Activity ◽  
Acid Transporter

Abstract The SARS-CoV-2 receptor, Angiotensin Converting Enzyme-2 (ACE2), is expressed at levels of greatest magnitude in the small intestine as compared to all other human tissues. Enterocyte ACE2 is co-expressed as the apical membrane trafficking partner obligatory for expression and activity of the B0AT1 sodium-dependent neutral amino acid transporter. These components are assembled as an [ACE2: B0AT1]2 dimer-of-heterodimers quaternary complex that putatively steers SARS-CoV-2 tropism in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. GI clinical symptomology is reported in about half of COVID-19 patients, and can be accompanied by gut shedding of virion particles. We hypothesized that within this 4-mer structural complex, each [ACE2: B0AT1] heterodimer pair constitutes a physiological “functional unit.” This was confirmed experimentally by employing purified lyophilized enterocyte brush border membrane vesicles that were exposed to increasing doses of high-energy electron radiation from a 16 MeV linear accelerator. Based on established target theory, the results indicated the presence of Na+-dependent neutral amino acid influx transport activity functional unit with target size mw = 183.7 ± 16.8 kDa in situ in intact apical membranes. Each thermodynamically stabilized [ACE2: B0AT1] heterodimer functional unit manifests the transport activity within the whole ∼345 kDa [ACE2: B0AT1]2 dimer-of-heterodimers quaternary structural complex. The results are consistent with our prior molecular docking modeling and gut-lung axis approaches to understanding COVID-19. These findings advance the understanding of the physiology of B0AT1 interaction with ACE2 in the gut, and thereby potentially contribute to translational developments designed to treat or mitigate COVID-19 variant outbreaks and/or GI symptom persistence in long-haul Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC).

scholarly journals Three Subfamilies of Pheromone and Receptor Genes Generate Multiple B Mating Specificities in the Mushroom Coprinus cinereus

Genetics ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 154 (3) ◽  
pp. 1115-1123 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R Halsall ◽  
Michael J Milner ◽  
Lorna A Casselton
Keyword(s):  
Southern Blotting ◽  
Transmembrane Domain ◽  
Functional Unit ◽  
Large Family ◽  
Coprinus Cinereus ◽  
Multidrug Transporter ◽  
Type Locus ◽  
Allele Specific ◽  
Unique Specificity ◽  
Major Facilitator

Abstract The B mating type locus of the basidiomycete Coprinus cinereus encodes a large family of lipopeptide pheromones and their seven transmembrane domain receptors. Here we show that the B42 locus, like the previously described B6 locus, derives its unique specificity from nine multiallelic genes that are organized into three subgroups each comprising a receptor and two pheromone genes. We show that the three genes within each group are kept together as a functional unit by being embedded in an allele-specific DNA sequence. Using a combination of sequence analysis, Southern blotting, and DNA-mediated transformation with cloned genes, we demonstrate that different B loci may share alleles of one or two groups of genes. This is consistent with the prediction that the three subgroups of genes are functionally redundant and that it is the different combinations of their alleles that generate the multiple B mating specificities found in nature. The B42 locus was found to contain an additional gene, mfs1, that encodes a putative multidrug transporter belonging to the major facilitator family. In strains with other B mating specificities, this gene, whose functional significance was not established, lies in a region of shared homology flanking the B locus.

scholarly journals π-Conjugated Trigonal Planar [C(NH2)3]+ Cationic Group: A Superior Functional Unit for Ultraviolet Nonlinear Optical Materials

ACS Omega ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunxia Song ◽  
Min Luo ◽  
Donghong Lin ◽  
Chensheng Lin ◽  
Zujian Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Materials ◽  
Nonlinear Optical ◽  
Functional Unit ◽  
Nonlinear Optical Materials ◽  
Cationic Group ◽  
Group A

Microcode compaction with timing constraints

1988 ◽  
Vol 19 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 34-39
Author(s):  
B. Su ◽  
S. Ding ◽  
J. Wang ◽  
J. Xia
Keyword(s):  
Timing Constraints

scholarly journals Network Calculus-Based Latency for Time-Triggered Traffic under Flexible Window-Overlapping Scheduling (FWOS) in a Time-Sensitive Network (TSN)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 3896
Author(s):  
Khaled M. Shalghum ◽  
Nor Kamariah Noordin ◽  
Aduwati Sali ◽  
Fazirulhisyam Hashim
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Connected Vehicles ◽  
Network Calculus ◽  
Timing Constraints ◽  
Traffic Scheduling ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
Scheduled Traffic ◽  
Support Time ◽  
New Framework

Deterministic latency is an urgent demand to pursue the continuous increase in intelligence in several real-time applications, such as connected vehicles and automation industries. A time-sensitive network (TSN) is a new framework introduced to serve these applications. Several functions are defined in the TSN standard to support time-triggered (TT) requirements, such as IEEE 802.1Qbv and IEEE 802.1Qbu for traffic scheduling and preemption mechanisms, respectively. However, implementing strict timing constraints to support scheduled traffic can miss the needs of unscheduled real-time flows. Accordingly, more relaxed scheduling algorithms are required. In this paper, we introduce the flexible window-overlapping scheduling (FWOS) algorithm that optimizes the overlapping among TT windows by three different metrics: the priority of overlapping, the position of overlapping, and the overlapping ratio (OR). An analytical model for the worst-case end-to-end delay (WCD) is derived using the network calculus (NC) approach considering the relative relationships between window offsets for consecutive nodes and evaluated under a realistic vehicle use case. While guaranteeing latency deadline for TT traffic, the FWOS algorithm defines the maximum allowable OR that maximizes the bandwidth available for unscheduled transmission. Even under a non-overlapping scenario, less pessimistic latency bounds have been obtained using FWOS than the latest related works.

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