Prediction of Residual Alveolar Bone Height in the Posterior Maxilla following Dental Extractions

Pneumatization of the maxillary sinus limits the quantity of alveolar bone available for implant placement and may result in a lack of primary stability and difficulty in achieving osseointegration. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively analyze a group of patients who had implants placed in the posterior maxilla, calculate the prevalence of sinus augmentation, and identify factors related to sinus augmentation. With institutional review board approval, dental records from a population of patients who had implants placed in the maxillary posterior region between January 2000 and December 2004 were used to create a database. Independent variables were classified as continuous (age of the patient at stage 1 implant surgery [S1], time between extraction and S1, time between extraction and sinus augmentation, and time between sinus augmentation and S1) and categorical (gender, implant failure, American Society of Anesthesiologists system classification, smoking, osteoporosis, residual crestal bone height, implant position, implant proximity, prostheses type, and implant diameter and length). The dependent variable was the incidence of a sinus augmentation procedure. Simple logistic regression was used to assess the influence of each factor on the presence of sinus augmentation (P < .05). The final database included 502 maxillary posterior implants with an overall survival rate of 93.2% over a mean follow-up period of 35.7 months. Of 502 implants, 272 (54.2%) were associated with a sinus augmentation procedure. Among variables, residual crestal bone height (P < .001), implant position (P < .001), implant proximity (P < .001), prosthesis type (P < .001), implant failure (P < .01), and implant diameter (P < .01), were statistically associated with sinus augmentation. Within the limitations of this retrospective study, the results suggest that more than half (54.2%) of the maxillary posterior implants were involved with a sinus augmentation procedure. The prevalence of sinus augmentation increased with decreased residual crestal bone height, more posterior implant locations, and complete or partial edentulism. Sinus augmentation was significantly associated with implant failure and wide implants.

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Radiographic comparison of density and height of posterior maxillary bone after open sinus lift surgery with and without PRF

Journal of Advanced Periodontology & Implant Dentistry ◽

10.15171/japid.2018.008 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 43-49

Author(s):

Mohamad Taghi Chitsazi ◽

Ali Hosien Dehghani ◽

Amir Reza Babaloo ◽

Sohrab Amini ◽

Hadi Kokabi

Keyword(s):

Dental Implants ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Autogenous Bone ◽

Sinus Lift ◽

Maxillary Bone ◽

Posterior Maxilla ◽

Bone Substitute Materials ◽

Substitute Materials ◽

Bone Height

Background and aims. Expansion of maxillary sinus towards the alveolar crest due to tooth loss or horizontal‒vertical resorption of the alveolar bone decreases the available bone for the placement of dental implants in the posterior maxilla. The method suggested for placing implants with a standard length is the use of sinus lift surgery with autogenous bone graft or bone substitute materials. The aim of the present research, with split-mouth design, was radiographic comparison of the density and height of the posterior of maxillary bone after open sinus lift procedure with and without PRF. Materials and methods. In this split-mouth clinical trial, 14 patients were evaluated, with complete or partial bilateral edentulism of the upper jaw. In each case, for the sinus lift surgery of the test side, PRF was used, while in the sinus lift surgery of the other side of the same patient no graft materials were used. After six months and before the second surgery, CBCT was used to evaluate bone density and height. Results. All the 41 implants were osseointegrated and were clinically stable. The bone height was 1.42 mm higher in the PRF group than the group without PRF, which was statistically significant. The mean density of the bone formed around the dental implants in the PRF group was 52.85 units higher than that of the group without PRF, which was statistically significant. Conclusion. Using PRF in sinus lift surgery might enhance the quantity and quality of bone formation.

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Cone Beam CT Evaluation of Maxillary Sinus Floor and Alveolar Crest Anatomy for the Safe Placement of Implants

Current Medical Imaging Formerly Current Medical Imaging Reviews ◽

10.2174/1573405615666191212105745 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (7) ◽

pp. 913-920

Author(s):

Başak Kuşakçi Şeker ◽

Kaan Orhan ◽

Emre Şeker ◽

Gülbahar Ustaoğlu ◽

Oğuz Ozan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Maxillary Sinus ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Cone Beam ◽

Alveolar Crest ◽

Posterior Maxilla ◽

Maxillary Sinus Floor ◽

Sinus Floor ◽

The Mean ◽

Bone Height ◽

Anterior Median

Background: Alveolar bone height in the posterior maxillary region is very important and critical for dental implant planning and placement. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the anatomy of the maxillary sinus floor in relation to the alveolar crest and to determine variations in the vertical measurements between the maxillary sinus floor and the alveolar bone crest tip in the posterior edentulous maxilla with the use of cone beam computerized tomography. Methods: This analysis enrolled 234 retrospectively selected patients (123 males with mean age 52.95±11.74 (range 32-76 years) and 111 females with mean age 58.14±11.92 (range 32-75 years)) with edentulous posterior maxillary regions. The maxillary sinus floor was divided into three anatomical segments (anterior, median and posterior) in relation to the transverse palatine suture. The measurements were performed on 3D surface rendered volumetric images by using rotation and translation of the views. Landmarks for measurement were specified by using a cursor driven pointer. Vertical lines were marked on the cross-sectional images between the alveolar ridge and the deepest point of the maxillary sinus floor for each of the three regions. P < 0.05 was regarded as statistically significant. Results: The mean distance values between the sinus floor and the alveolar crest in the anterior, median and posterior regions were 8.74±3.97 mm, 5.37±3.23 mm and 7.06±3.28 mm, respectively. Measurements in the anterior region were found to be high in both total and gender groups compared to other regions. Also, subsinus alveolar bone heights decreased with increasing age in both genders in all three regions. Conclusion: This study emphasizes that the mean subsinus alveolar bone height is highest in the anterior segment of the edentulous posterior maxilla. These results may guide clinicians to make the decision of implant placement area and lead to less invasive alternative surgery methods for edentulous posterior segments.

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