Physical characterization of biopolymers with starch from potato and cassava organic wastes polymerized in water

During the last decades, the use of plastic has become indispensable for the daily life of people; the global production of these materials reaches approximately more than 200 million tons per year. For this reason, research has been carried out to manufacture substitute materials that have similar physical properties, such as starch-based biopolymers; in this research we initially characterized the physical properties of a biopolymer based on starch polymerized in water, without plasticizers, and also to find an optimal proportion between starch and water; in this way an experimental design is generated where the proportion of these two varies, in which starch extracted from potato and cassava wastes was used. These biopolymers were characterized for linear shrinkage, density, and hardness properties. The results of the characterizations showed that the proportions lower than 1:5 starch-water present difficulty to process and deficiency in the homogeneity of the mixture, while the proportions higher than 1:5 presented a linear shrinkage higher than 82. 69% and a loss in weight higher than 74.45%; on the other hand, the hardness analysis showed an average of 79 points on the shore A scale and density with an average of 1.055 g/cm3, the results determined that the most adequate proportion is 1:6.5 starch-water.

Identification of Re-Interpreting Traditional Javanese Architecture for Design Concepts of Balai RW 7 Dusun Genting, Kelurahan Merjosari, Malang City

The identification of traditional architectural elements in the design plan of Balai RW 7 tries to apply a study of reinterpretation of traditional architecture in order, to know the architectural elements that can be applied to the design concept. The purpose of this study is to find architectural elements of Javanese houses that can be used as the basis for transformation in the contemporary design of Balai RW 7. This study was written using a qualitative descriptive analysis method to analyze data compiled from literature sources in national journals that discuss elements of traditional Javanese architecture. The elements of traditional Javanese architecture are then reinterpreted descriptively based on the functions and facilities contained in the Balai RW plan. The results found elements of Javanese architecture that could be applied to the design concept, namely the display focused on the transformation of the 5 typologies of the roof of the Javanese house, the spatial pattern adapted to the functions and facilities of the Balai RW, the transformation of ornamentation of flora, fauna, nature, and belief, the orientation is directed to face north or south but still adapts to the existing conditions of the site and the environment, some materials use more modern substitute materials, as well as the transformation of the roof construction of empyak raguman and the construction of umpak, soko guru and tumpang sari in the receiving area with materials using several substitute materials.

Micro Structural Properties of Ternary Blended Concrete

The sum of CO2 that has been released into the atmosphere is roughly equal to the amount of cement produced. Cement manufacturing now consumes many natural resources and cement substitute materials in the analysis of Micro Structural Properties of Ternary Blended Concrete. The mixed proportion in this analysis is made of M30 Concrete. The cement is substituted with a mixture of two materials in amounts ranging from 10% to 50%. For the mix of materials, Fly Ash is kept constant. The specimen is a 150mmx150mmx150mm cube, and the concrete is cast in a 150mmx300mm cylinder. The cast specimens are held for 28 days to cure. Compressive and split tensile strength tests are used to achieve the results. The combination at 10%, at 20%, at 20%, and 20% produced better strength results in all proportions from 10% to 50%. Besides, scanning electron microscopy techniques were used to understand better phase changes and the formation of microstructures to maturing the combination of materials at various percentages. SEM was used to evaluate the microstructure of the concrete for five different varieties, which helps with solid growth. With the highest compressive strength gained among all the mixes from 10% to 50% with combinations for M30 grade of concrete at 28 days, significant innovative information on particle shape and microstructure was observed. Via SEM study, a good correlation of this Microscopical quantitative knowledge and material properties is also presented.

Micro Structural Properties of Ternary Blended Concrete

The sum of CO2 that has been released into the atmosphere is roughly equal to the amount of cement produced. Cement manufacturing now consumes many natural resources and cement substitute materials in the analysis of Micro Structural Properties of Ternary Blended Concrete. The mixed proportion in this analysis is made of M30 Concrete. The cement is substituted with a mixture of two materials in amounts ranging from 10% to 50%. For the mix of materials, Fly Ash is kept constant. The specimen is a 150mmx150mmx150mm cube, and the concrete is cast in a 150mmx300mm cylinder. The cast specimens are held for 28 days to cure. Compressive and split tensile strength tests are used to achieve the results. The combination at 10%, at 20%, at 20%, and 20% produced better strength results in all proportions from 10% to 50%. Besides, scanning electron microscopy techniques were used to understand better phase changes and the formation of microstructures to maturing the combination of materials at various percentages. SEM was used to evaluate the microstructure of the concrete for five different varieties, which helps with solid growth. With the highest compressive strength gained among all the mixes from 10% to 50% with combinations for M30 grade of concrete at 28 days, significant innovative information on particle shape and microstructure was observed. Via SEM study, a good correlation of this Microscopical quantitative knowledge and material properties is also presented.

Development of a Decellularized Hypopharynx with Vascular Pedicle Scaffold for use in Reconstructing Hypopharynx

Background: Hypopharynx reconstruction after hypopharyngectomy is still a great challenge. Perfusion decellularization is for extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolding and had been used in organ reconstruction. Our study aimed to prepare an acellular, natural, three-dimensional (3D) biological hypopharynx with vascular pedicle scaffold as the substitute materials to reconstruct hypopharynx. Result: Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and immuno showed that the decellularized hypopharynx with vascular pedicle scaffold retained intact native anatomical ECM structure. Myoblasts were observed on the recellularized scaffolds with bone marrow mesenchyml stem cells (BMSCs) induced by 5-azacytidine implanted in the rabbit greater omentum by immunohistochemical analysis. conclusion: the decellularized hypopharynx with vascular pedicle scaffold prepared by detergent perfusion in our study has an potential to be an alternative material to pharynx reconstruction.

SME business performance: an analysis of economic activities by sectors and subsectors in Guanajuato, Mexico

This article identifies the factors that influence business performance (BP) in the construction, trade, and services sectors, as well as sub-sectors and branches of the manufacturing sector of small and mid-size enterprises (SME) in the state of Guanajuato, Mexico. A quantitative, descriptive, and correlational statistical analysis was performed on a sample of 460 enterprises, estimating a linear regression model using the ordinary least squares (OLS) method. Empirical evidence reveals that the construction, trade, and services sectors agree that profitability, efficient internal processes, and low labor absenteeism are those factors that mostly influence BP. On the other hand, in sub-sectors of low-technology manufacturing (minerals, metals, plastic and rubber; textile; and leather and substitute materials), the quality of product is the factor viewed as the most relevant to explain BP in Mexican SME.

Bioactivity Evaluation of Biphasic Hydroxyapatite Bone Substitutes Immersed and Grown with Supersaturated Calcium Phosphate Solution

Recently, the frequency of use of bone substitute materials for the purpose of bone augmentation has increased in implant treatment, but bone formation with bone substitute materials alone is limited. Calcification of bone in the body progresses as Ca2+, H2PO4-, and HPO42- in the body form hydroxyapatite (HA) crystals. In this study, therefore, we prepared a biphasic bone substitute with biological activity to promote bone formation by inducing precipitation and growth of HA crystals on the surface of a bone substitute and evaluated it. Biphasic bone substitute granules were prepared by immersing HA granules in a supersaturated calcium phosphate solution prepared by mixing five medical infusion solutions, the precipitate was analyzed, and the biological activities of biphasic HA granules were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. As a result, the precipitated calcium phosphate crystals were identified as low crystalline HA. On the surface of the HA granules, low-crystalline HA grew markedly as needle-shaped crystals and significantly promoted cell proliferation and bone differentiation. In animal experiments, biphasic HA granules had a significantly higher bone mineral density, new bone volume ratio, and new bone area ratio. Therefore, it suggests that biphasic hydroxyapatite is a useful bone substitute for bone augmentation in dental implant treatment.

THE EFFECT OF DIMETHYL ETHER (DME) AS LPG SUBSTITUTION ON HOUSEHOLD STOVE: MIXTURE STABILITY, STOVE EFFICIENCY, FUEL CONSUMPTION, AND MATERIALS TESTING

DME has characteristics similar to LPG so that the storage and handling are not so different from LPG. DME could be used as a solvent that can extract typical types of rubber/polymer material. The aims and objectives of this study are to determine the effect of DME/LPG (100/0, 80/20, 50/50, 30/70, 20/80) on the stability of the DME/LPG mixture on the stove and also to observe the effect on several rubber materials/polymers on stove accessories. The study reveals that the usage of a DME/LPG mixture between 20/80 - 30/70 does not require a replacement of any substitute materials but only requires minor modifications to the stove. However, at a higher DME composition, the use of the fuel needs to replace the seal that is resistant to DME. It occurs due to the change of the gas composition when it is used.

Properties of concrete having treated recycled coarse aggregate and slag

The possibility of using substitute materials for aggregates and cement in concrete were studied and reported in this paper. Concrete mixtures with untreated recycled coarse aggregates (URCA) and treated recycled coarse aggregates (TRCA) were used to prepare two mix groups of without slag (Mix I) and with slag (Mix II). The recycled aggregates were treated with hydrochloric acid (HCl) having different molarities (0.1M, 0.3M and 0.5M) before used as a substitute material for virgin aggregate in concrete. The concrete mechanical, durability properties and morphology of concrete were examined through standard experiments and analysed. In both mix groups considerable improvement in all characteristics were identified in TRCA mixes than URCA mixes. Among the two mix groups the concrete mix with slag (Mix II) showed better durability characteristics than mix without slag (Mix I). The combination of TRCA and slag in concrete substantially increases the characteristics of concrete in all means.